294 中翻英(32) Verbal Aspects and Tenses 動詞時制與動詞方面的意義 2/11/2023
雖然我們博客討論的英文文法範圍不出初三英文, 但是為了使同學避免學習英文動詞的苦惱, 所以先談談動詞學習不要死背十二種公式的舊式文法時制規則.
早年翻譯英文動詞的前輩把動詞所具有的意義, 都翻成時制, 包括了十二種形式. 其實不是這樣. 尤其是進行方面(progressive aspect), 它們只在動詞加上 “- ing” 的情況, 表示在現在的方面, 還在繼續做 . 我國學英文的年輕朋友就鑽牛, 其實它只不過是不是, 而只不過是顯示狀況, 繼續在做而已.
例如:
我去學校. (在對話時, 不加過去時制副詞, 也很容易了解不是過去時制. 但是 在寫文 章時就不行. 在中文必須加 “過” 或 “了”, 我去過學校; 或我去學校了.)
I am going to
school.
(是完整簡單正確的好句子)
I went to school. (錯, 因為必須要用過去時制的副詞來限制, 否則表示過去的時 制的詞字太多, 故 須 特定過去時制的副詞 “yesterday”來限制. 如, I went to school yesterday. 否則句子意義 含糊, 是表示去年? 還是前天?), 編輯者的領悟是 動詞的時制實際上是 : 現在, 過去, 和 將來. 用得比較頻繁的是簡單過去時制 (simple past), 其他如, I am going to school. I will go to school tomorrow. I have gone to school already. 等等都常常使用.)
二月十一日
「我又听見在天上，地上，地底下，滄海里和天地間，一切所有被造之物，都說，但愿頌贊，尊貴，榮耀，權勢，都歸給坐寶座的和羔羊，直到永永遠遠！」（啟5:13）
人類常有一种天然內在的傾向，宁愿敬拜被造之物，而不敬拜造物的主。在這事上，甚至連使徒約翰也需要被改正。（參看 啟19:10）全本啟示錄所描寫的爭戰，都環繞著這個問題。天上的爭戰和地上的苦難，都起源于撒但想要竊取向神的頌贊和尊崇。但在啟示錄第五章，在那加冕的偉大日子里，我們看見了天上的，地上的，地底下和滄海里一切被造之物，都聯合起來，眾口同聲的稱頌基督是至大、至尊和至高者！這一章和腓立比書2:9-11，是互相銜接的。「万膝無不向祂跪拜万口無不稱耶穌基督為主」！祂借十字架的死与复活，已經完成了這件事，剛被殺的羔羊乃是配得的
"And I heard all created things in
heaven, on earth, and under the earth, in the sea, and in heaven and earth,
saying, To the one who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb, be the praise, and
the honor, and the glory, and the power, unto the Lamb, until Forever and
ever!" (Revelation 5:13)
Human beings always have a natural inclination to worship the creature rather than the Creator. Even the apostle John needed to be corrected in this matter. (See Revelation 19:10.) The battles described throughout the book of Revelation revolve around this question. Both the battles in heaven and the sufferings on earth originate from Satan's desire to steal God's praise and honor. But in the fifth chapter of Revelation, on the great day of coronation, we see all created things in heaven, on earth, under the earth, and in the sea, all united, and with one voice they praised Christ as the great , the Most Honor and the Most High! This chapter is connected with Philippians 2:9-11. "To Him every knee shall bow and every tongue shall confess that Jesus Christ is Lord"! He has accomplished this by the death and resurrection of the cross, and the just slain lamb deserves it!
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