89修饰语(二)

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89修饰语(二):                                                                                                  7/26/2014

形容词字尾是 -ing 和 -ed (如 boring 和 bored )

例如 :

Mary's job is boring.  (Mary 的工作是厌倦的. 此处指工作厌倦 ).

Mary is bored . (有被动的意思, Mary 被工作弄厌倦 . 不可写Mary is boring).

[注] : 若我们写 ‘Mary is boring” 那意味着 Mary 弄得别人厌倦.

试比较下列两句

    例如 : 

             I am very interesting in Mathematics.  

               (错了. 因为interesting 后面不能用介词 in)

               (应改写 ‘I think Mathematics is very interesting.’)

             I am very interested in Mathematics.  

               (对的. interested 后面要用介词 in, Mathematics作 in 的宾语)

     [注] :还记得我在初中三年级学英语时常被interesting和interested所搅扰.  因为

忽略了这加 –ing字尾的形容词是修饰主语 ‘I’ , 但它是主动的(active), 习惯

上都不能在其后加介词 ‘in’.  若改用加 –ed的形容词写, 就可以. 因为

它是被动的(passive).

surprise,  disappoint 和 shock 等动词字尾是–ing 和 -ed, 它们的用法可以仿照

如 interesting  一样. 

例如 :

It was quite surprising that he passed the examination.

Everybody was surprised that he passed the examination.

The film was disappointing. I expected it to be much better.

I was disappointed with the film. I expected it to be much better.

The news was very shocking.

I was very shocked when I heard the news.

习题八十

试使用括孤内给予的字, 加 -ing 或 –ed 以完成该句子.

1.      The film wasn't as good as we had expected. (disappoint-)

a.       The film was disappointing.                             范例

b.      We were disappointed with the film.                范例

2.      Paul teaches young children. It's a very hard job but he enjoys it. (exhaust-)

a.       She enjoys her job but it's often ＿＿＿＿.

b.      At the end of a day's work, she is often ＿＿＿＿.

3.      It's been raining all day. I hate this weather. (depress-)

a.       This weather is ＿＿＿＿.

b.      This weather makes me ＿＿＿＿.

c.       It's silly to get ＿＿＿＿ because of the weather.

4.      Clare is going to the United States next month. She has never been there before. (excit-)

a.       It will be an ＿＿＿＿ experience for her.

b.      Going to new places is always ＿＿＿＿.

c.       She is really ＿＿＿＿ about going to the United States.

形容词的排列的次序.  一般文法书分为两类: 

   1. 修饰语在名词的前面, 称为名前(pronominal) 修饰语. 

   2. 修饰语在名词的后面, 称为名后(post-nominal)修饰语. 

   

修饰语在名词的前面的排列次序.

　　　　　属性（attribute）修饰语                              真相 (fact) 修饰语 

     a                      nice                                                        long           summer vacation.

     an                     interesting                                             young         man

     a                      beautiful                                                small          girl

    例如 :

              My brother lives in a nice new house.    

              In the kitchen there was a beautiful old table.

在‘真相修饰语’类中还有如, 形状, 年龄 , 颜色 , 出处 , 材料等修饰语.  若把它们放在一起, 其排列次序一般示如下.

          1            　     2 　　            3  　　　    4         　　5         ────＞　名词

     形状(大,小)    年龄 (老, 少)    颜色         出处           材料

     例如 :

          The old lady bought a useful(属性) oblong (1) black (3) cardboard (5) box yesterday.

 (昨天这位老妇人买了一个有用的长方形黑色厚纸板的盒子. )                 

修饰语在名词的后面的排列次序 (这在中文里更本没有可能性). 

有关这一点在关系子句的帖子中曾讲过.  我国文字是有排列特性的.  关系子句在中文看
不到是因为中文修饰语和被修饰语的关系全靠 ‘词序’ 来表明, 而修饰语排在名词之后的
情形, 在中文里是不可能的.  例如, 在英文里我们可以说 the modified word 或 the word modified, 但在中文里却只可以说 "修饰语", 而说 "语修饰" 便不通了.  但在英语
语法中, 修饰语可以排列在名词的后面的.

   例如 :

              无限式短语:      A book to read.  (可读的书.)

  分词短语:          A book selling for a dollar a copy.    (卖一块钱一本的书.)

  关系子句:          The book that I like. (我喜爱的书.)

  介词短语:          The book on the top shelf.    (在上层书架的书.)

[注] : 以上四个例子, 英文都是把修饰语放在名词的后面.  而翻成中文则必须把
     修饰语放在名词的前面.)

习题八十一

     试使用括号内的形容词, 在下列各短语中排成正确的 “词序”

1. a beautiful table (wooden和round) a beautiful round wooden table.           范例

2. an unusual ring (gold) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

3. a new pullover (nice) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

4. a sunny day (lovely) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

5. a wide avenue (long) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

6. a metal box (black/small) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

7. a big cat (fat/black) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

8. a little village (old/lovely) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

9. long hair (black/beautiful) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

10. an old painting (interesting/Chinese) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

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