82 不定代名词的应用

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82 不定代名词的应用                                                7/1/2014

不定代名詞的應用没有先行词的烦恼, 但它们在“数”的方面必须要特别留意.   很多地方是习惯用法, 应常常提高警觉, 要有毅力的来抓住它们的使用要点, 多多从作练习着手, 就能到达熟能生巧的境界.

both, both of 和 neither, neither of 及 either, either of 等不定代名词 (在字典中说它也是形容词, 副词和连词, 这要依据它怎样配合其它单词的使用情形). 记得在初三学英语不定代名词时, 编辑者隐隐的还回忆起恩师邓岳宗先生特别提醒这是涉及 “两个” , 这三对不定词可用在有关的 “两个” 人, “两件”事 和 “两个” 物. 只是没有指定是那一个.

   例如 :
        Both restaurants are very good. (两个饭店都非常高级.)
          (不能用 'the both restaurants', 因为是没有明确指定. both 用作形容词)
        I couldn't decide which of the two shirts to buy. I liked both.
          (或说 ‘ I liked both of them.’ 用作代名词, 代替 “the two shirts”.)
        Neither restaurant is expensive.
          (neither 等于两个饭店都不很贵. 用作形容词 表示 ‘否定的’ 的意念.)
       “Is your friend British or American?” “Neither. She's Australian.”
          (neither 等于说你的朋友不是英国人也不是美国人”. 用作代名词, 
            代表 “不是英国人, 也不是美国人”.)
        Do you want tea or coffee?”  “Either. I don't mind.”
          (用作代名词, 代表 ‘茶或珈琲’, 不介意那一样. 在口语中用得非常多.)   
        We can go to either restaurant. I don't mind.
         (either 等于不介意那一个饭店, 都可以去. 用作形容词,)
         [注]:  这种用法是我国学生常常不熟悉的.  但是以英美人士交谈时, 却习以
         为常,  很好用.  还有, neither 和 either 在发音上比较不易分辨.  所以 常常
         以短语  neither ... nor ... , either ... or ... 及 both….and  也常用.
            例如 :
                 We can go to either this restaurant or that one. I don't mind.
                   (either…or… 不管是这个或那个饭店都可以. 我不介意. 此处作连词用.
           有 “肯定的” 的意念.)
                 Neither this restaurant nor that one is expensive.
                   (neither ... nor ...  这个或那个饭店都不很贵. 此处作连词用.)
                 Both John and Steve were late. (此处作连词用.)
                 Both Mary and I were beautiful.  
                   (此处 “ I ” 应放在 Mary 的后面表示礼貌, 此处作连词用.)

both of 和 neither of 及 either of 的应用, 还要特别注意其介词 “ of ” 后面跟随的
名词的冠词和宾语的问题, 换句话说, 就是在名词前必须加上 the, my, these,
those …..等单词.

      例如: 
              Both of these restaurants are very good. (不可说 ‘both of restaurants’)
              Neither of the restaurants we went to was (或用 were) expensive.
              I haven't been to either of those restaurants.
                  (意思是 ‘I haven't been to one 或 the other’ 我一个都没有去过.)

必须在介词 “ of ” 后放上代名词的宾位, 如: us, you 和 them 合并使用才对.

     例如 :
                Can either of you speak Chinese?
                   (与两人说话, “你们中有人会说中文吗?”)
                I asked two people the way to the station but neither of them knew.
                   (与两人说话, “我问过两个人如何到火车站, 但他们都不知道”.)
                Both of us were very tired.
                   (不可说 “Both us were ...”, of 是必要的, 不可省去.)
     [注] 在 neither of ... 其后的动词可是单数或复数. 
       例如 :                                 
               Neither of the children wants (或 want) to go to bed.

习题六十五

填入 both, neither 和 either 以完成下列各句:

1.  “Do you want tea or coffee?  “Either.  It really doesn't matter.”  范例

2.  “What day is it today--the I 8th or the 19th?” “＿＿ . It's the 20th.”
3.  “There are two shoes here. Do you mind which I take?” “No, take ＿＿.”
4.  A: Where did you go for your holidays - China or U.S.A?
     B: We went to ＿＿  A week in China and a week in U.S.A.
5.  “When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?” “ ＿＿.  I'll be in all day.”
6.  “Where's Ruth? Is she at work or at home?” “＿＿.  She's away on holiday.”

习题六十六

   用 both ...and ... 或 neither ...nor …或 either ... or ...填入下列各句以完成之:

1. John was late. So was Ann. Both John and Ann were later.                范例

2. She didn't write and she didn't phone. She neither wrote nor phoned.  范例
3. Steve is on holiday and so is Carol. Both ＿＿ .
4. Paul doesn't smoke and he doesn't drink ＿＿ .
5. Steve hasn't got a car. Mary hasn't got a car either ＿＿ .
6. It was a very boring film. It was very long too. The film ＿＿ .
7. Is that man's name Nathan? Or is it Matthew?
   It's one of the two. That man's name ＿＿
8. I haven't got time to go on holiday. And I haven't got the money.
   I've got ＿＿ .
9. We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow - whichever you prefer.
   We ＿＿ .

Each 和 every 的应用常常使中国学生容易混淆. 在中文的意思都是 “其中的一个”.

但是在实际的使用时有分别的. 习惯上用 each 所涉及的范围较狭小, 而 every 有

all 的含意. 常常比 each 包括较大的数量. 
  例如 :
       Each time (或 Every time) I see you, you took different.
       There's a telephone in each room (或 every room) of the house.
       Study each sentence carefully.
         (一句一句的仔细研究. 其所涉及的范围较狭小)
       Every sentence must have a verb.
         ( every 含有 all 的意念. “所有的句子都必须有动词.)

习题六十七

      试填入 each 和 every 以完成下列各句.

1. There were four books on the table.  Each book was a different color.   范例

2. The Olympic Games are held  every four years.                                      范例
3. ＿＿  parent worries about their children.
4. In a game of tennis there are two or four players. ＿＿ player has a racket.
5. Nicola plays volleyball ＿＿  Thursday evening.
6. I understood most of what they said but not ＿＿ word.
7. The book is divided into five parts and ＿＿  of these has three sections.
8. I get paid ＿＿ four weeks.
9. We had a great weekend. I enjoyed ＿＿  minute of it.
10. I tried to phone her two or three times, but ＿＿ time there was no reply.
11. Car seat belts save lives ＿＿ driver should wear one.

 

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