86 额外补充说明的关系子句(一)

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86 额外补充说明的关系子句(一)                                                         7/17/2014

关系子句有两类型:

1.        如前三讲所讨论的关系子句是一类, “阐明先行词的关系子句”, 一定要用关系代名词或关系副词来阐明先行词. 在句中没有逗点. 文法书称为“限定(restricted)关系子句”.

    例如:

             She who is my older sister will come back to U.S.A tomorrow.

                (我在台湾的姐姐明天要回美国. 若没有用关系词who代表说明她是我的姐

                   姐, 而写成 She will come back to U.S.A tomorrow. 是错的. )

              The woman who lives next door is a doctor.

              Barbara works for a company that makes washing machines.

              We stayed at the hotel (that) Ann recommended to us.  (that可以省去.)

  2. 先行词若已经阐明, 那么关系子句在此不重要, 只是用来额外补充说明. 

 但不可忘了在它的前后都必须要加逗点“ , ”.   文法书称为“非限定

 (non-restricted) 的关系子句”.

    例如:

             My elder sister, who is in Taiwan, will come back to U.S.A tomorrow.
             (我姐姐明天要回美国,意思清楚. 用Who引进的关系子句只是额外补充说明.)

             My brother Steve, who lives in Taipei, is a doctor.

             Paul told me about his new job, which he's enjoying very much.

             We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ruth recommended to us.

                  (先行词 Hotel 已阐明为Grand Hotel, 关系子句只是额外补充说明.)

习题七十四

   试读说明, 完成下列各句, 为 “限定关系子句” 或 “非限定关系子句”, 若须用

   逗点, 可加上 :

1. There's a woman living next door. She's a doctor.

   The woman who lives next door is a doctor.      范例

2. I've got a brother called Jim. He lives in London. He's a doctor.

   My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor.   范例

3. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over.

   The strike at the car factory ＿＿.

4. I was looking for a book this morning. I've found it now.

   I've found ＿＿.

5. Taipei is a largest city, and the population is now increasing.

   The population of Taipei ＿＿.

6. A job was advertised. A lot of people applied for it. Few of them had the

   necessary qualifications.  Few of ＿＿.

7. Margaret has a son. She showed me a photograph of him. He's a policeman.

    Margaret showed me ＿＿.

在两类的關係子句中, 都可用who 代表人, 和用 which 代表事物. 若 who, which是位于關係子句的宾位, 在第一类里可以省去. 但是在第二类中不可以. 一般可以用 that 代替 who 和 which, 用在第一类關係子句内; 但不可用在第二类里.

   例如 :

             Do you know anyone who/that speaks Chinese and English?

             Ruth works for a company which/that makes computers.

             We stayed at the hotel (that/which) Ann recommended.

    (位于關係子句的宾位, 可以省去)

              This morning I met somebody (that/who) I hadn't seen for ages.

                     (位于關係子句的宾位, 可以省去)

              John, who(不用that)speaks French and Italian, works as a tourist guide.

    (在这类關係子句中不可以省去 who, 否则不成子句)
      Stephen told me about his new job, which(不可用that) he's enjoying 
        very  much. (不可省去 which, 否则是两个句子, 不可用逗点分开.)

在两类的關係子句中, 都可用 whose 和 where 作关系词.

   例如 :

                We met some people whose car had broken down.

What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday?

Mary, whose car had broken down, was in a very bad mood.

Mr. Wong is going to spend a few weeks in China,

    where his daughter lives.

习题七十五

试以适当的关系词 which 或 that填入空格内. 若需逗点可加上.

1. Jane works for a company which/that makes shoes.

        (两者都适合, 不需逗点)  范例

2. Paul told me about his new job, which/that he's enjoying very much.

        (仅 which 适合; 需逗点)   范例

3. My office which/that is on the second floor of the building is very small.

4. The office which/that I'm using at the moment is very small.

5. She told me her address which/that I wrote down on a piece of paper.

6. There are some words which/that are very difficult to translate.

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