84阐明先行词的关系子句(二)

英语语法进深──博客

84阐明先行词的关系子句(二)                                                                 7/10/2014

关系子句非常实用, 它可以让你听得懂别人说的英语;  能了解英语作家要传达的思想; 并且有效的增进你写的英语有深度及可读性.  因为它们在我国的言语里没有,  学起来非常困难,  请不要轻言放弃.  仔细的捉摸它们的应用, 并仿照多作习题. 

 关系代名词兼具代名词与连接词之作用. 

            先行词                                      关系代名词在关系子句的位置                 

                        主   位                         领   位                         宾   位

    人                            who                              whose                          whom

           动物,  事                        which                           whose（of which）      which

      人,  动物,  事                      that                               －－－                         that

who, that 和 which若在关系子句的宾位时, 可以省略它.  若它们被关系子句用为主位时, 决不可省去.  whom 用在宾位时, 可以省略.

     例如：

              The woman who lives next door is a doctor.  (不可省略who)

   Where is the cheese which was in the refrigerator?  (不可省略which)         

   The man (whom) we saw this morning is Mr. Wang.   (可省略whom)

   Have you found the keys (which) you lost?    (可省略which)

  

that 也是一样的情形.

   例如:

The woman that lives next door is a doctor.  (不可省略that)

Where is the cheese that was in the refrigerator?  (不可省略that)         

Have you found the keys (that) you lost?

The woman (that) I wanted to see was away.

若 whom  的前面如有“介词”,  不可省略 whom.

例如:

        The man about whom you were talking is my husband.

 若 whom的前面没有介词时, 在口语中 whom 可用 who 代替.

例如:

         The girl (whom) I like is right there.

             The girl who I like is right there.   

[注] :  在口语中, 常常用that 代替who, which.

习题六十九

      在下列各句中有些不须用who, ,that. 试用括号( )将它们括起来.

1. The woman who lives next door is a doctor. (who是必要的)         范例

2. Have you found the keys (that) you lost. (不须要that)                    范例

3. The people who we met at the party were very friendly.

4. The people who work in the office are very friendly.

5. The people who I talked to were very friendly.

6. What have you done with the money that I gave you?

7. What happened to the money that was on the table? Did you take it?

8. It was an awful experience. It was the worst thing that has ever happened to me.

what = the thing(s) that, 因为what本身含有先行词, 在没有“先行词”出现的句中, 须用what.

    例如：                   

   Did you hear what they said?  (等于  the thing (that) they said. that 可省去 )

在下列情况中不能用 what.

     例如 :

                Everything (that) they said was true.

       (that 可省去. 但不可写Everything what they said  )

习题七十

      试将that 或 what 填入. 若句子用that 可以完成, 便只填入(that).

1.  I gave her all the money (that) I had.                                     范例

2. They give their children everything ＿＿＿ they want.

3. Tell me ＿＿＿ you want and I'll try to get it for you.

4. Why do you blame me for everything ＿＿＿ goes wrong?

5. I won't be able to do much but I'll do the best ＿＿＿ I can.

6. I can only lend you ten pounds. It's all ＿＿＿ I've got.

7. I don't agree with ＿＿＿ you've just said.

8. I don't trust him. I don't believe anything ＿＿＿ he says.

     请将习题寄至       swlei2011@gmail.com