動詞六

規則動詞 (Regular Verbs) 與不規則動詞 (Irregular Verbs) 

規則動詞的形成是在其字尾加 –ed.  不規則動詞的構成是在其字尾不加 –ed. 而具有各種不同的特殊詞形. 必須牢記, 才能在將來造句上事半功倍, 得心應手.   

下面是一些常用的不規則動詞的構成詞形 : 

現在式            過去式                                        過去分詞式

  (附帶有‘have’ 動詞形成現在完了, 及過去完了的詞形)

come                came                                        (has, have, had) come

eat                    ate                                            (has, have, had) eaten

give                  gave                                         (has, have, had) given

go                    went                                         (has, have, had) gone

make                made                                        (has, have, had) made

ride                  rode                                         (has, have, had) ridden

run                   ran                                           (has, have, had) run     

say                   said                                          (has, have, had) said  

see                   saw                                          (has, have, had) seen

take                  took                                         (has, have, had) taken 

think                 thought                                   (has, have, had) thought

write                 wrote                                       (has, have, had) written 

在三種人稱及單數或複的“Be” 動詞及 “Have” 動詞的現在式及過去式 : 

                                                 be  動詞                                    have 動詞

     現在式(Present)   過去式( Past)    現在式(Present)    過去式(Past)

I           am                    was                  have                             had

                   you            are                   were                 have                             had

       he, she, it,

       或單數名詞         is                      was                  has                               had

                we               are                    were                 have                             had

  they 或複數名詞     are                     were                 have                             had  

因為過去完了時制 (Past Perfect Tense) 的構成是  “have” 動詞的過去式 “had” 加上過去分詞(past participle 縮寫PP)所構成, 故特別再一次複習不規則動詞的三詞形及 “be”動詞和 “have” 動詞的詞形變化.   

過去完了時制是表明過去某一時之前的過去 ‘終結方面’ (Conclusive Aspect) :

     例如,      He had arrived before I arrived. (在我來之前, 他已經到了.)

When I arrived, he had signed the check already.   

將來完了時制 (Future Perfect Tense) 是表明主語的動作在未來的某一時之前將要終結.

       例如,  It will have ended before we arrive.  (在我們未到之前, 它將要完結.) 

總結 :  現在完了時制是用助動詞 ‘have (還有has)’, 過去完了時制用助動詞 ‘had’, 及將來完了時制用助動詞 ‘shall have (還有will have)’ 等所構成.  今以 ‘油漆完了’ (Have Painted) 為例, 以三種人稱及複數或單數說明如下 : 

                        現在完了                                  過去完了                        將來完了

                    (Present Perfect)                          (Past Perfect)               (Future Perfect) 

I                   have painted                             had painted                   shall have painted

you               have painted                             had painted                   will have painted

she, he, it      has painted                               had painted                   will have painted

we                have painted                             had painted                   shall have painted

they              have painted                             had painted                   will have painted

作業二十七 : 說明有底下劃線的動詞片語為何種完了時制 

1. He has worked all day.

2. She had finished her homework before we arrived.

3. By the end of the decade, these scientists will have saved the

    lives and health of millions of people. 

作業二十八 : 依照括孤內的完了時制寫出下列片語的正確的動詞變化

4. she will try (將來完了)              

5. they admitted (過去完了)
6. we convince (現在完了)     
7. it will succeed (將來完了)