動詞七

進行式(Progressive Form)

“ is talking” 或 “were eating” 等動詞片語是用來表明主語動作正在進行.  動詞片語帶有 “-ing” (分詞 ‘participle’)稱為進行式, 該詞形不變化.

          例如,   John is still talking to Ms. Wang.

                      Students were eating dinner when the bell rang. 

     進行式不是脫節的另外時制,  它與從前說過的六種時制關係很密切, 換句話說是每種制的附加的有關主語動作的時制.  它是表明主語的  ‘行為’ 或  ‘存在’ 於現在, 過去, 或將來仍繼續在進行的意念.  有下列六種型式 :  

      現在進行式(Present Progressive) : 例如,  They are eating dinner now.

      過去進行式(Past Progressive) : 例如,  They were eating when the bell rang.

      將來進行式(Future Progressive) : 例如,  They will be eating dinner at seven.

      現在完了進行式(Present Perfect Progressive)

             例如,   They have been eating for an hour.

      過去完了進行式(Past Perfect Progressive)

             例如,   They had been eating for only a few minutes when the bell rang.

      將來完了進行式(Future Perfect Progressive)

             例如,   They will have been eating for an hour by the time they finish. 

進行式的是由 ‘Be’ 動詞和分詞 ‘Participle’ 所組成.  注意 ‘Be’ 動詞是不規則動詞, 它的詞形變化在12/1/2011的帖子已經發表.  它的過去分詞是 “been”, 用以構成完了時制.  (註 : 因進行式在實際用到的時間不多, 此處僅簡單提供.) 

連繫動詞(Linking Verbs), 也稱 ‘聯綴動詞’ 

你們還記得動詞是說明主語的 ‘行為’ 或 ‘存在’.  現在談的連繫動詞只有

一個功能──是表明主語的 ‘存在’. 

         例如,   John is my cousin.  (John 與my cousin是一個人, 只是描述主語)                 

                     Mary likes my cousin. (likes 不是連繫動詞, 因它作 ‘喜歡’ 的 ‘行為’用. 

                                                          並且Mary 和my cousin不是同人個人) 

連繫動詞主要的是 ‘to be’ 動詞.  become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, 和 taste 等動詞也作連繫主語及賓語中的名詞和形容詞以說明有關主語的存在及描述.  但這些動詞有時也有 ‘行為’ 的功能, 看它在句中作何用途.

      例如,   

                  連繫動詞                                                     行為動詞

      The bread smelled delicious.                 We smelled the bread.

(描述聞到麪包的香味)                   (我們聞到麫包, 主語和賓語不同)   

要判斷這動詞是否為連繫動詞可根據其定義來認定──主語和賓語是否同一人.

       例如,  下列 ‘is’ 動詞是連繫動詞, 因主語和賓語是同一人.

                   Mary is my sister. (Mary = sister)

                   My sister is blonde. (sister = blonde ‘金黄色毛髮, 碧眼和白皮膚的女人’)

作業二十九  確定下列各句中那個在底下有劃線的動詞是否為連繫動詞

1. I am going to camp. I am happy about it.

2. Luke appears unhappy. He will appear in court tomorrow.

3. Mary felt the velvet. It felt soft and smooth.

4. Have you tasted the stew? It tastes too weak.

5. The bell sounds musical. Please sound it again. 

作業三十 :  寫出下列各句中的連繫動詞, 若没有就寫 ‘none’

1. Mary was feeling nervous.

2. Today was the day for his dental checkup.

3. Did he feel a cavity in his front tooth?

4. The paste tasted cool and refreshing.

5. The dentist seemed pleased.