252 中翻英 (3) What is God's will? 什麼是上帝的旨意? 12/31/2022
十二月三十一日
「大衛按神的旨意，服事了他那一世的人，就睡了，歸到他祖宗那里。」（徒13:36）
大衛服事了他那一世代的人，他不能服事兩個世代。今日我們卻想借著組織、系統、机构等來長久維持我們的工作，但舊約的圣徒們只是服事了他們那一個世代就過去了，這是一個很重要的生命原則。麥子從撒种、生長、結穗到收成，然后整棵植物，甚至連根也都要被犁出來。神的工作那屬靈性質的程度，也照樣是沒有屬地的根，且完全沒有一點屬地的味道。人雖一代一代的過去，但主卻永存，一切与教會有關的事物，必須是現在的、活潑的、能應付目前之需要的。永不可讓它成為固定的，被「地」所捆綁的，或靜止的神把祂的工人收取回去，但祂又賜下新的。我們的工作雖會受損失，但祂的工作卻永遠是完美無疵的。沒有任何事物可以搖動祂，因祂仍然永遠是神。
"David, after having served all his generation according to the will of God, fell asleep and was returned1 to his fathers" (Acts 13:36).
David served his generation; he could not serve two generations. Today we want to maintain our work for a long time through organizations, systems, institutions, etc., but the saints of the Old Testament only served them for a generation and then passed away. This is a very important principle of life. Wheat goes from sowing, growing, earing to harvesting, and then the whole plant, even the roots, are plowed out. The degree of the spiritual nature of God's work is likewise devoid of earthly roots and absolutely devoid of any earthly flavor. Although people have passed from generation to generation, the Lord is eternal. All things related to the church must be present, lively, and able to meet the needs of the present. Never allow it to be fixed, ground-bound, or static. God takes back his workers, but he gives new ones. Our work may suffer, but His work is always perfect. Nothing can shake him because he's still God forever.
編輯者喜好讀聖經，特別是詩篇，尤其是第23篇，故翻譯供主內弟兄姊妹享有。這首詩是與上文有關，是大衛王所寫。大衛是上帝心上人，也是順服上帝旨意的最佳榜樣。信徒相信主不是完全人，就以大衛來說，他仍然犯殺人罪。但他立刻認罪，向主求赦免其罪。上帝知道他是真誠悔改。所以他詩篇23篇向上帝述說他的過失。
PSALM 23 篇 23
This is the psalm of the Great Shepherd who cares for His sheep and
equips them for ministry (Heb. 13:20–21), the “great high priest” (Heb. 4:14)
who “ever lives to make intercession for us” (Heb. 7:25). Certainly this psalm
has a message for the sorrowing, but it’s unfortunate that it’s used primarily
at funerals, because Psalm 23 focuses on what Jesus does for us “all the days
of [our] life” and not just at death (v. 6). It’s also unfortunate that people
tend to spiritualize the psalm and fail to see it in its true setting. They see
David, a “young shepherd boy,” lying on his back in the pasture and pondering
the things of God, when he probably wrote this psalm late in his life, possibly
during the rebellion of Absalom (2 Sam. 13—19). In it, David deals with some of
the difficult things he experienced during his long walk with the Lord. While
people of all ages love and quote this psalm, its message is for mature
Christians who have fought battles and carried burdens.
这是偉大牧人的诗篇，祂看顾祂的羊群，并装备他们的職事（希伯来書 13:20-21），“伟大的大祭司”（希伯来書 4:14）“永远活着为我们祈求” ”（希伯来書 7:25）。 当然，这首诗篇有悲伤的信息，但不幸的是它主要用于葬礼，因为在诗篇 23 篇中述說，耶稣 “ 為[我们]生命的所有日子” 所有的作為，而不仅仅是為我們贖罪捨身（第 6 节）。 同样不幸的是，人们倾向于将诗篇属灵化，而没有看到它的真实背景。 他们看到大卫，一位 “年轻的牧童”，仰面躺在青草地上，思考上帝的事，当时他可能是在晚年写这首诗篇，可能是在押沙龙叛乱期间（撒母耳记下 13-19）。在其中，大卫处理了他与主同行的漫长过程中，所经历的一些困难。 虽然各个年龄段的人，都喜欢并引用这首诗篇，但它的信息是给那些已经战斗过，并背负重担的成熟基督徒的。
Abel, the first martyr, was a shepherd (Gen. 4:2), and so were the
patriarchs of Israel. Moses spent forty years caring for his father-in-law’s sheep,
and David, Israel’s greatest king, served his father as a shepherd. The image
of God as Israel’s shepherd begins in Genesis 48:15 (niv) and 49:24 and continues
throughout Scripture (28:9; 80:1; 95:7; 100:3; Isa. 40:11; 49:10; Jer. 31:10;
Ezek. 34:11–15; Matt. 10:6; 15:24; Mark 6:34). The promised Messiah was seen as
a shepherd (Ezek. 34:16, 23; Mic. 5:4; Zech. 13:7; Matt. 2:6; 26:3; Mark 14:27;
John 10). In Psalm 22, David compared the enemy to animals that are clever and
strong (22:12–16, 21), but in this psalm, he pictured God’s people as lowly
sheep. Why? So we would learn about the Shepherd and see how tenderly He cares
for us. Sheep are defenseless animals that are prone to get lost, and they need
almost constant care. You can’t drive sheep as you do cattle; they must be led.
The Eastern shepherds know their sheep by name and can call them and they will
come (John 10:1–5). The sheep were kept, not for food but for wool, milk, and
reproduction. In this psalm, David explains that if we follow the Lord and
trust Him, He will meet our every need, no matter what the circumstances may
be.
首位殉道者是牧羊人亚伯（创世记 4:2），以色列的先祖也是如此。 摩西花了四十年时间照顾他岳父的羊群，而以色列最伟大的国王大卫则以牧羊人的身份侍奉他的父亲。 上帝作为以色列牧羊人的形象，始于创世记 48章15節 (新國際版) 和 49章24節，并贯穿整本圣经（28:9；80:1；95:7；100:3；以赛亚书 40:11；49： 10；耶利米书 31:10；以西结书 34:11-15；马太福音 10:6；15:24；马可福音 6:34）。 应许的弥赛亚也是稱為牧羊人（以西结书 34:16、23；弥迦书 5:4；撒迦利亚书 13:7；马太福音 2:6；26:3；马可福音 14:27；约翰福音 10）。 在诗篇 22 篇中，大卫将仇敌比作聪明而强壮的动物（22:12-16、21），但在这首诗篇中，他将上帝的子民描绘成卑微的绵羊。 为什么？ 所以我们会了解牧羊人，看看祂是多么温柔地照顾我们。 绵羊是手无寸铁的动物，很容易迷路，它们几乎需要时刻照料。 你不能像赶牛一样赶羊； 他们必须受到领导。 东方牧羊人知道他们的羊的名字，可以呼唤它们，它们就会来（约翰福音 10：1-5）。 饲养绵羊不是为了食物，而是为了羊毛、牛奶和繁殖。 在这首诗篇中，大卫解释说，如果我们跟随主并信靠祂，无论情况如何，祂都会满足我们的每一个需要。
In the Pasture—Adequacy (vv. 1–3) 在草场上——不缺乏（1-3 等节）
“The Lord” is Jehovah God, the covenant making God of
Israel. The compound names of Jehovah in the Old
Testament reflect the contents of this psalm.
“主” 是耶和华上帝，是盟約做成以色列的上帝。 在旧约中耶和华的的复合名稱反映了这首诗的内容。
“I shall not want”—Jehovah-Jireh, “ the Lord will provide” (Gen. 22:14)
“我必不至缺乏”——耶和华以勒， “耶和华必预备”（创 22:14）
“still waters”—Jehovah-Shalom, “the Lord our peace” (Judg. 6:24)
“在平静的水邊”——耶和华沙龙， “耶和华是我们的平安”（士师记 6:24）
“restores my soul”—Jehovah-Rophe, “the Lord who heals” (Ex. 15:26)
“使我的灵魂苏醒”——耶和华罗斐， “医治的耶和华”（出埃及记 15:26）
“paths of righteousness”—Jehovah-Tsidkenu, “the Lord our righteousness” (Jer. 33:16)
“公义之路”——耶和华齐肯努， “耶和华我们的义”（耶利米书 33:16）
“you are with me”—Jehovah-Shammah, “the Lord is there” (Ezek. 48:35)
“你与我同在”——耶和华沙玛， “耶和华在那里”（以西结书 48:35）
“presence of my enemies”— “Jehovah-Nissi, “the Lord our banner” (Ex. 17:15)
“在我的敌人面前”——“耶和华尼西， “耶和华我们的旌旗”（出埃及记 17:15）
“anoint my head”—Jehovah-M’Kaddesh[s1] , “the Lord who sanctifies” (Lev. 20:8)
“膏我的头”——耶和华麦卡德斯， “使人成圣的耶和华”（利未记 20:8）
The verb is a participle and means “is shepherding me.”
这个动词是分词，意思是 “正在牧养我。”
Eastern shepherds guarded their sheep; led them; provided food and water for them; took care of them when they were weary, bruised, cut or sick; rescued them when they strayed; knew their names; assisted in delivering the lambs; and in every way simply loved them. What does this say to pastors today? In the Holy Land, pastures were lush and green following the rainy season, but this didn’t last all year. There were no fences, the land was rough and dangerous, abounding with wild animals and snakes, and the helpless flock needed constant oversight. Even if he didn’t own the sheep, the shepherd treated them as if they were his and had to give an accounting for any that were missing. Our Lord called believers “my sheep” because He died for them (1 Peter 1:18–19) and because the Father gave them to Him (John 17:12). The emphasis in verses 1–3 is that Jesus is adequate for every need the sheep may have as they are in the pasture. Primarily, they need food (grass), water, rest, and a shepherd who knows where to lead them. When God’s people follow their Shepherd, they have all that they need and will not lack the necessities of life (37:25; Matt. 6:33; Phil. 4:19). Sheep will not lie down when they are hungry, nor will they drink from fast-flowing streams. Sometimes the shepherd will temporarily dam up a stream so the sheep can quench their thirst. You can read verse 2 “beside the stilled water.” In heaven, our Shepherd will lead us to fountains of living water (Rev. 7:17).
东方牧羊人看守他们的羊群； 带领他们； 为他们提供食物和水； 在他们疲倦、受伤、割伤或生病时照顾他们； 在他们迷路时救他们； 知道他们的名字； 协助接生羊羔； 并且在各方面都只是爱他们。 今天的牧师也是這樣做嗎？ 在圣地，雨季过后，牧场郁郁葱葱青草，但没有持续一整年。 没有栅栏，土地崎岖不平，到处都是野兽和蛇，无助的羊群需要经常看管愛護。 即使該羊不是他所有的，牧羊人对待它们就好像它们是他的一样，并且必须对丢失的羊盡力的去尋找。 我们的主称信徒为 “我的羊”，因为祂为他们而死（彼得前书 1:18-19），也因为父将羊群交给了祂（约翰福音 17:12）。 1-3 等节强调，耶稣足以满足羊群在草场上可能必須的一切需要。 首先，他们需要食物（草）、水、休息和知道带他们去哪里的大牧人。 当上帝的子民跟随他们的大牧人时，他们就会拥有他们所需要的一切，并且不会缺乏生活的必需品（詩篇 37:25；马太福音 6:33；腓立比书 4:19）。 羊饿了不会躺下，也不会喝湍急的溪水。 有时，牧羊人会暂时截断一条小溪，让羊群解渴。 你可以读到第 2 节 “在平静的水边”。 在天堂，我们的大牧人会带领我们到活水的泉源（启示录 7:17）。
The word translated “lead” in verse 2 means “to lead gently.” You cannot drive sheep. The sheep hear the shepherd’s voice and follow him, just as we listen to Christ in His Word and obey Him (John 10:3–5, 16, 27). If a sheep goes astray, the shepherd leaves the flock in charge of his helpers and goes to find the lost animal. (See Matt. 9:36; 18:12–14; Luke 15:3–7.) The word paths in verse 3 means “well-worn paths, ruts.” When sheep start to explore an exciting new path, it will lead them into trouble. “Do not be carried about by varied and strange teachings” (Heb. 13:9 nasb). God cares for us because He loves us and wants us to glorify Him (“for his name’s sake”). The shepherd cares for the sheep because he loves them and wants to maintain his own good reputation as a faithful shepherd.
第 2 节中翻译为 “引导” 的意思是 “温柔地引导”。 你不能赶羊。 绵羊听到牧羊人的声音，并跟随他，就像我们听从基督的话语，并服从祂一样（约翰福音 10：3-5、16、27）。 如果一只羊迷了路，牧羊人就会让他的助手照管羊群，然后，去寻找迷路的羊。 （见 马太福音 9 ：36；18 ：12-14；路加福音 15 ：3-7。）第 3 节中的路径一词意思是 “陈旧的路径，车辙”。 当绵羊开始探索一条令人兴奋的新道路时，这会给他们带来麻烦。 “不要被各种奇怪的教训所迷惑”（希伯来書 13:9 新美國標準版）。 上帝关心我们，因为祂爱我们，并希望我们荣耀祂（“为祂的名”）。 牧羊人关心羊群，因为他爱它们，并希望保持自己作为忠实牧羊人的良好声誉。
In the Valley—Serenity (v. 4)
在山谷中——宁静（第 4 节）
This is the central verse of the psalm, and the personal pronoun changes from he to you. David is not speaking about the shepherd but speaking to the shepherd. In the dark valley, He is not before us but beside us, leading the way and calming our fears. The “vale of deep darkness” represents any difficult experience of life that makes us afraid, and that includes death. Sheep lack good vision and are easily frightened in new circumstances, especially where it’s dark; and the presence of the shepherd calms them. The rod was a heavy cudgel with which the shepherd could stun or kill an attacking beast, and the staff was the shepherd’s crook, which he used to assist the individual sheep. At evening, he would have the sheep pass under the crook one by one so he could count them and examine them (Lev. 27:32). It gave the flock peace knowing that the shepherd was there and was equipped for any emergency. He is “immanuel … God with us” (Matt. 1:23). Jesus is not a hireling who runs away at the sight of danger; He is a true Shepherd who laid down his life for his sheep (John 10:11–15). God’s sheep have “peace with God” (Rom. 5:1) and may enjoy “the peace of God” (Phil. 4:4–7) as they trust Him. Through life, as we follow the Shepherd, we will have many and varied experiences, some of which will be very trying, but none of them can take the Lord by surprise. We may trust Him and have peace. The closer we are to our Shepherd, the safer we are and the more His peace will fill our hearts. (See Isa. 40:9–11; 43:1–3; Rev. 1:17–18.)
是這篇诗篇的中心诗句，人称代名词从他变成了你。 大卫不是在谈论大牧人，而是在对大牧人说话。 在幽暗的山谷中，他不在我们面前，而是在我们身边，引领我们前进，平息我们的恐惧。 “幽暗谷” 代表任何让我们害怕的艰难生活经历，包括死亡。 绵羊缺乏良好的视力，在新环境中很容易受到惊吓，尤其是在黑暗的地方； 牧羊人的出现使他们平静下来。 杖是一根沉重的棍棒，牧羊人可以用它击昏或杀死攻击的野兽，杖是牧羊人的棍子，他用来帮助羊群。 晚上，他会让羊一只一只地从弯道下经过，这样他就可以数点并检查他们（利未记 27:32）。 知道羊群在那里，并为任何紧急情况做好准备，这让羊群平静下来。 他是 “以马内利……上帝与我们同在”（马太福音 1:23）。 耶稣不是见危险就逃跑的雇工； 祂是真正的好牧人，因为祂為羊捨命（约翰福音 10：11-15）。 上帝的羊 “与上帝和好”（罗马书 5:1），并且可以享受 “上帝的平安”（腓立比书 4:4-7），因为他们信靠祂。 在一生中，当我们跟随好牧人时，我们会有许多不同的经历，其中一些会非常艰难，但没有一件能让主感到惊讶。 我们可以信靠祂并有平安。 我们靠大牧人越近，我们就越安全，祂的平安就越充满我们的心。 （见 以赛亚书 40：9-11；43：1-3；启示录 1：17-18。）
In the Fold—Certainty (v. 5)
在羊圈里——確保安全（第 5 节）
Some students believe there is a change of metaphor here, from the
shepherd and his sheep to the host and his guest, but this is not necessarily
the case. “Table” doesn’t necessarily refer to a piece of furniture used by
humans, for the word simply means “something spread out.” Flat places in the
hilly country were called “tables,” and sometimes the shepherd stopped the
flock at these “tables” and allowed them to eat and rest as they headed for the
fold (see 78:19). After each diffi[1]cult
day’s work, the aim of the shepherd was to bring the flock safely back to the
fold, where the weary sheep could safely rest for the night. Sometimes at the
fold, the shepherd would spread out food in a trough, because sheep lie down
and rest after they have eaten. As they slept, they would be protected by a
stone wall that surrounded them, and the shepherd himself would sleep across
the opening and be the door (John 10:7–9).
有些同学认为这里的比喻发生了变化，从大牧人和祂的羊变成了主人和他的客人，但事实并非如此。 “桌子” 不一定是指人类使用的家具，因为这个词的意思只是 “展开的东西”。 丘陵地带平坦的地方称为 “桌子”，有时牧羊人会在 “桌子” 地，使羊群暫停，让他们在要前往羊圈时进食和休息（见 78:19）。 在每天艰苦的工作之后，牧羊人的目标是将羊群安全地带回羊圈，让疲惫的羊群安全地休息一夜。 有时在羊圈，牧羊人会把食物摊在食槽里，因为羊吃完了就躺下休息。 当他们睡觉时，他们会被围绕着他们的石墙保护起来，而牧羊人自己会睡在洞口，并成为羊群的门（约翰福音 10：7-9）。
During the night, thieves and dangerous animals might approach the
fold, but there was no way they could reach the sheep. The Lord doesn’t always
remove the dangers from our lives, but He does help us to overcome them and not
be paralyzed by fear. This is what it means to be “more than conquerors” and
have peace in the midst of danger (Rom. 8:31–39).
The shepherd would examine the sheep as they entered the fold to be
sure none of them was bruised, injured, or sick from eating a poisonous plant.
To the hurts, he applied the soothing oil, and for the thirsty, he had his
large two-handled cup filled with water. He would also apply the oil to the
heads and horns of the sheep to help keep the flies and other insects away. The
sheep knew they were safe, and they could sleep without fear.
In the Father’s House—Eternity (v. 6)
夜间，盗贼和危险的动物可能会接近羊圈，但他们无法接近羊群。 主并不总能消除我们生活中的危险，但祂确实帮助我们克服它们，而不致使我們因恐惧而瘫痪。 这就是“得胜有余”，并在危险中得平安的意思（罗馬書 8:31-39）。当羊进入羊圈时，牧羊人会对他們进行检查，以确保它们不致因食用有毒植物而受伤、中毒或生病。 对于疼痛，他涂抹舒缓油，对于口渴的羊，他用大双柄杯子装满水，供應他們水喝， 他还会適當的油涂在羊的头和角上，以帮助驱赶苍蝇和其他昆虫。 绵羊知道它们很安全，他们可以毫无恐惧地入睡。猶如住在天父的家里 —— 永恆的家（第 6 节）
As the shepherd lay each night at the door of the sheepfold, he
looked back over the day and gave thanks that the Lord had blessed them with
goodness and mercy. As an old man, David looked back over his long life and
came to the same conclusion. In spite of his sins and failures, he had been
followed by goodness and mercy, which is the Old Testament equivalent of Romans
8:28. “Surely” means “only.” As David looked ahead, he knew he would be in
heaven—the Father’s house—forever. This isn’t a reference to the temple,
because the king didn’t live in the temple. Furthermore, nobody could live
there or anywhere else forever. Jesus used this vocabulary to speak about heaven
(John 14:1–6). The things that perplex and disturb us today will all be clear
when we get to heaven. We will look back and see “only goodness and mercy.”
Under the old covenant, the sheep died for the shepherd, but under the new
covenant, the Shepherd died for the sheep—and we shall meet our Shepherd in
heaven! “For the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and
lead them to living fountains of waters. And God will wipe away every tear from
their eyes” (Rev. 7:17 nkjv).
每晚牧羊人躺在羊圈门口时，回顾他这一天的生活，感谢主以仁慈和怜悯赐福给他们。 老了的牧羊人大卫，當他回顧過去的漫长一生，得出了同样的结论。 尽管他犯了罪和失败，但他得到良善和怜悯，这在旧约中相当于罗马书 8 章 28 节。 “当然”的意思是“只”。 当大卫向前看时，他知道他会在天堂 —— 天父的家 —— 永恆的家。 这不是指圣殿，因为国王不住在圣殿里。 此外，没有人可以永远住在那里，或其他任何地方。 耶稣用它來谈论天堂（约翰福音 14：1-6）。 今天困扰我们迷惘的事，到了天堂就会一清二楚。 當我们回首往事，回憶所及“只有良善和怜悯”。 在旧盟約中，羊为牧羊人而死，但在新盟约下，牧羊人为羊而死 —— 将在天堂与我们的牧羊人相遇！ “因为坐宝座上的羔羊必牧养他们，领他们到活水的泉源。 上帝要擦去他们一切的眼泪”（启示录 7:17 新欽定版）。
