212 英语基本动词应用(六) Irregular Verb 不規則動詞

212  英语基本动词应用(六)     Irregular Verb      不規則動詞                       5/12/2019

親愛的主耶穌, 求加添孩子的信心, 我很軟弱, 常常被魔鬼引誘, 墮落到眼目的情慾及今生的驕傲的罪中, 求祢使孩子能靠祢復活的大能勝過. 奉主耶穌的聖名禱告.  阿門.

前講提到 Present tenses, past tenses, 和 future tenses.  為的是要說明對動詞時制的變化不要過於思想得太複雜. 實際常常使用的只有三種形式.  至於為什麼有多至十二種多的變化, 是加上了時態(aspect)的考慮因素的原故.

時態的考慮曾在博客209和210討論過, 就是正在時態(progressive aspect)及完了時態(perfect aspect). 前者是與 ‘verb to be’ 連繫動詞與本動詞的現在分詞(present participle  ‘verb + ing’)所組成.  如, I am going to school now.  What am I going to do ? 極為有用的英語口語.

 完了時態也是英語口語中常常使用的.  它必須是 ‘verb to have’ 助動詞與本動詞的的過去分詞(past participle)組成.  I have done my homework.  過去分詞是組成完了時態的因素之一. 過去分詞的形成有兩種. 動詞的規則變化及不規則變化.  動詞的不規則變化形成是過去時制和過去分詞的字尾不是在本動詞尾部加 ‘+ed’ , 其變化多端(Remember that an irregular verb is a verb that does not end with ed to show the past and the past participle).  如下面所示: 

present                        past                     past participle                     

is, are, am                was  were                      been                                    

has, have                     had                              had                                     

does, do                       did                               done                                    

編輯者建議學習不規則動詞的方法是不要死背, 因為太多, 選常常使用的動詞先記, 如, eat, speak, do, have, play, write, sing, shine, show 和swim 等等. 其中若發現是規則變化的不記.  如, play.  這樣慢慢學下來, 也就够當時你的英文程度使用.  知道嗎?  編輯者常常犯貪多的毛病, 浪費時間, 使學習緩慢.  還有常常用熟悉的不規則動詞作練習, 不但學會造句, 也把這些不規則動詞記起來了.  它太重要, 記不牢不規則動詞, 註定學不好英文的命運.  就如我們學英語不留意單詞的縮寫(abbreviation)的發音,  如,  isn’t, aren’t, it’s, I’m(I am) 等等.  那就註定了你聽不懂英語, 和你說的英語別人聽不懂的情況(是編輯者悟出的道理, 對嗎?).  最後要提醒訪友們, 每本英漢字典的後面都附有不規則動詞變化表, 很好用.  編輯者在此附上極為常用的一此動詞, 請查字典把它們的過去時制和過去分詞填滿.

Present(現在時制)                 Past(過去時制)                       Past Participle(過去分詞)

is, are, am                                           

has, have

. hike

. try

. show

. talk

. bring

. ring

. create

. fly

. drink

. witness

. wear

. catch

. grow

. begin

. go

. sit

. think

. see

. teach

. understand

. forget

. splash

. eat

. watch

. arrive

                                

完了時態有現在完了時態(has done), 過去完了時態(had done), 和未來完了時態(will have done). 

         例如:

                   Stephen has written a letter. (present perfect)

       Stephen had written a letter yesterday. (past perfect)

       Stephen will have written a letter tomorrow. (future perfect)

練習一 :  試在下列各句中把現在完了時態, 過去完了時態, 和未來完了時態用底線註明.

Underline the verb in each sentence and label it present perfect, past perfect, or future perfect.

1. We have started a reading club.                                                     範例

      現在完了時態

2. I will have finished the book before the next meeting.                 範例

      未來完了時態

3. By next year, we will have traveled to Taiwan.

4. The school newspaper has written about our group.

5. Ruth often had suggested the book Little Women to the club members last year.

6. The reporter had interviewed us last year.

7. I have always enjoyed books by Lin,  Yu – Yang(林語堂).

8. We have chosen the book The New Testament as our next selection.

練習二 :  試用正確的完了時態, 完成下列各句 (動詞在括弧內).

Complete each sentence, using the correct perfect aspect of each verb in parentheses.

1. Paul _____ sitting next to John this year. (enjoy)

2. He ___not_____ her before September. (meet)

3. Next week they ______ each other for six months. (know)

4. They ______ often _______ their favorite books this year. (share)

5. Paul read a novel because John _______ it. (recommend)

211 英语基本动词应用(五) Start to Learn English 开始学英语

211  英语基本动词应用(五)            Start to Learn English        开始学英语        5/2/2019

我们的天父上帝, 求怜悯孩子的骄傲的罪, 使孩子做事要踏实, 不要好高骛远.  谢谢祢, 求祢继续赐恩, 让孩子能一生一世以心灵和诚实事奉祢,  求祢开孩子的眼睛, 知道祢快要再来, 让我好好的预备祢的再来. 奉主耶稣的名祈祷.  阿门.

学习语言最主要的目的是: 要作思想的互相沟通.  要怎幺样来沟通, 就是要学像别国的语言.  例如, 刚开始学英文, 对于英语的 ‘词类’ 以及它们之间的关系要弄清楚, 如, 单数和复数, 主语和述语等等. 然后才能达到要想说, ‘我该怎幺办?’ 这句中国话, 用英语来说,   ' What am I going to do?’.  所以编辑者忆起在四川, 成都, 灌县, 蒲阳场空军幼年学校读书, 在初中三年级英文老师邓岳宗先生苦口婆心的叮嘱下, 使我养成学习不能求急, 要脚踏实地,  重复又重复的学习. 

鄧岳宗老師

Present, Past, and Future Tenses: 

‘Be’, ‘Have’, and ‘Do’ 等动词的现在时制, 过去时制, 和未来时制表示于下 .

现在时制                  过去时制                 未来时制

is, are, am                    was                           will be

has, have                     had                           will have

do, does                       did                            will do

[注]:  请注意, 实际上在动词时制方面, 其变化只有 ‘现在时制(present)’ 和 ‘过去时制past)’ 两者, 而未来时制(future)你必须要加 ‘will’ 助动词才行. 意思是可不必太烦心于市场贩卖的语法课本, 提出12种动词的时制的变化, 因而减少学习的兴趣.

 

The tense of a verb tells the time of the action or being.  Present tense tells that something is happening now.

      例如:

                 I am going home.

                 Mary is doing her homework.

                 You are watching movie.

           

Past tense tells that something happened in the past. The action is over. Therefore a past time adverb must be put in the sentences ( red words).

       例如:

     I was at home yesterday.

                 Mary went to China last month.

                 Yesterday you prepared the ground for the tomatoes.

Future tense tells that something will happen in the future. Use will with the verb.  Therefore a future time adverb must be put in the sentences ( red words).

        例如 :

        I will be home tomorrow.

                    Mary will do her homework next hour.

                    You will watch this movie next week.

练习一:  试在下列句中找出动词, 并写明是 ‘现在时制’, ‘过去时制’, 或 ‘未来时制’. (Write the verb from each sentence and label it present, past, or future.)

       1.  Ruth works in her garden every day.

       2. John pulls weeds every day.

       3. The garden will soon be full of vegetables.

       4.  I am going to school right now.

       5. Tomorrow  will set the plants in the ground.

       6. The visiting team always bats first.

       7.  They planted carrots last week.

       8. Sometimes a player changes positions.

       9. Stephen will pick radishes tomorrow.

       10. The coach gives everyone a chance to play.

练习二:  试在下列句中选择在括号内适当的动词填入.

              (Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses):

1. I _____ excited about our camping trip.

          (am, is)

2. ________you looking forward to it, too?

           (Is, Are)

3. _________your family go camping often?

           (Does, Do)

4. Last  year we ______________going camping once each month.

                                     (was, were)

5. We _________ planning to go camping every year.

                    (is, are)

6. Last week Ruth ____________going to come camping with us each day.

                                        (was, were)

7. His parents   ______ not letting him go camping.

                                 (is, are)   

8. I __________not think that is fair.

               (does, do)

9. We ________   purchased a lot of camping equipment.

                 (has, have)

10.  He ______  not think that is quite right.

               (does, do)

210  英语基本动词应用(四)       Jesus is alive.        耶稣复活了.                         4/23/2019

爱我们的天父上帝, 感谢祢赐下祢的独生爱子, 为赎我们的罪,  钉死在十字架上, 第三天从死里复活.  孩子深信能像千千万万的基督信仰者, 把这真理传开, 使更多的人知道耶稣及祂钉十字架, 和复活的大爱. 更感谢祢垂听孩子的祈祷, 能从事使福音广传的文字工作.  谢谢祢, 求祢继续恩待, 让孩子能以心灵和诚实事奉祢, 求祢感动读本博客的访友的心灵, 能明白耶稣基督是祢的儿子, 我们的罪因耶稣的受死, 复活及升天得以赦免, 获得灵里的新生命.  奉主耶稣的名祈祷.  阿门.

以色列国人的祖先亚伯拉罕凭着信心从老家移居到迦南时, 他并不知道会在哪儿找到一个家; 因为上帝只盼咐他这样做, 他就相信祂的带领, 即使面临毫无把握的情况, 他也顺服. 编辑者四十年前, 1977来到美国时亦是如此. 也不知道在美国能否找到一个家, 凭着信心, 顺服上帝的旨意的带领, 就全家来到美国. 

上帝赐孩子学英语的机会, 让我向爱妻学计算机中文仓颉输入的技能, 并且在苦难的日子里学习中文的写作, 又给我生命气息得以存活.  才能顺服祂的旨意, 把 “英文文法” 博客呈现在访友的面前.  这不是偶然, 全在上帝的计划中.

一年复一年的复活节, 编辑者都要向访友们作见证.  耶稣活在我的心里.  祂启示我写博客的要点.  今年的复活节, 祂亲自启示编辑者要作下面各重点的复习.

1. Action Verbs and Linking Verbs  (blog 207).   动作动词和连系动词. 前者如, work, play, eat等等动词; 后者如, ‘Be’ 动词中的 am, are, is 等等动词.
2. Main Verbs and Helping Verbs (blog 208).  本动词, 如, work, play, eat 等等动词; 助动词如, do, can, may 等等动词.
3. Present, Past, and Future Tenses. 是时制问题: 现在, 过去, 和未来等等时制. (将在blog 211内说明)
4. Progressive and Perfect Aspects (blog 209, 和 210). 正在时态和完了时态.
5. Irregular Verbs.  不规则动词
6. Transitive and Intransitive verbs.外动词(字典中示以 t.v. )及内动词(字典中示以 i.v. )
7. Direct Objects and Indirect Objects.   直接宾语和间接宾语
8. Possessive Nouns.     领位名词
9. Subject, Object, and Possessive Pronouns.  主位, 宾位, 及领位代名词
10.  Agreement of Pronouns with Antecedents.  代名词与前行词一致性
11. Relative Interrogative Pronouns: Who, Whom, Whose    人称疑问代名词
12. Comparing with Adjectives.     形容词的比较
13. Placement of Adverbs in Sentences.    副词在句中的位置
14. Comparison with Adverbs.                 副词的比较
15. Adverb or Adjective?             是副词还是形容词?
16. Infinitives and  Infinitive phrase.       无限式与无限式短语           
17. Gerunds and Gerund phrases.             动名词与动名词短语
18. Participles and Participle Phrases.                 分词与分词短语
19. Phrases and Clauses.                                       短语与子句
20. Independent and dependent clauses.              独立子句与不独立子句

前209一讲中, 谈到有关动词的最重要的 “时态(Aspects)” 的问题. 怎样来区别动词的 “动作时态” 和 “情况时态” 的不同. 例如, What am I going to do? (我现在该去做什幺?) 这是 “Be”动词与 “go +ing”的最常见的用法.   诚然What am I going to do? (是有关困惑的问题) 是 “现在正在时制”, 但是一面用What am I (go) to do? (这句更本不是英语的说话),  一面又用What am I going to do? ,  而说这是时制的分别, 这可不对了.  这两者之间真正的不同之点是时态的不同, 即go是指明 ‘想要作’ 的这种动作, 而 am going(现在该…?)所指明的不是动作而是情况. 我国学生不断的把这两个 “时态” 弄得混淆不清, 把 “动作时态”  (action-aspect) 用得过多, 其实有些地方应该是用 “情况时态” (condition-aspect)的. 又如, You play with fire的这种完全不是英文的说话, 我们常常听到我国年轻学英语的朋友这样说.  而它实际的意思乃是表明You are playing with fire [你正在玩火] 的一种 ‘情况’.  这一类的错误是极其普通的.

其它的例子:

                 He deceives you. (用 he is deceiving you.)

     He recovers from ill.  (用 he is recovering from ill.)