副词二

副词的用法  

副词用在时间上的有 yesterday, soon, immediately, often, sometimes, 及tomorrow等.

       例如,    用在句尾.
                 I went to the bar yesterday. (我昨天去酒吧了)
            用在句首以加强语气.
                Tomorrow I shall attend a meeting. (明天我将参加会议.)
           若句中出现多个时间副词，短时间在前，长时间在后.
                Mary was born at 4 o'clock on the 4th of May, 1896.
                   (玛丽出生于一八九六年五月四日四点钟.)     

   提示:  前面讲到动词 ‘过去’ 及 ‘过去完了’ 时制的构成必须有一个时间副词在句中

              才能完成, 否则别人不知道你是说在过去的甚么时间.       

      例如,    John came here a minute ago.  (约翰一分钟前还在这里.)

                   John came here.  (不可以)

                   Mary had finished her home work yesterday. (玛丽昨日做完她的作业.)

                   Mary had finished her home work.  (不可以) 

副词用在地方上的有here, there, everywhere, away, down, up, far, near, 及 home 等.

       例如,   用在一般动词后.
                         After work he went home.  (工作结束后他回家.)
                  若两个地方副词同时出现, 则小地方在前, 大地方在后.
                        John was born at Sydney in Australia. (约翰出生于澳大利亚的悉尼.)
                  here,  there可放在句首, 用以加强语气.
                        Here I am. (我在这里.)
            

副词用在表示 ‘情状’上的有: well, cleverly, slowly, carefully, fast, badly, 及quietly等.

        例如,   用在不及物动词后. 

                        He runs fast.  (他跑得快.)
                    用在不及物动词与介词之间或句尾.
                        He spoke to the foreigner slowly. (他慢慢地与外国人说话.)
                    用在及物动词前或句尾.
                        He left the room quietly.  (他静静地离开了房间.)

副词用在表示 ‘程度’上的有 very, too, really, terribly, extremely, rather, quite, enough,

     almost, 及hardly等

   例如,    用在一般动词前.
              I almost forgot to bring my key.  (我差点忘记带钥匙.)
          用在助动词与一般动词之间.
              I could hardly believe it.  (我几乎不能相信它.)
          用在形容词或副词前.
              He drives very carefully.  (他驾驶很小心.)

 提示: very不可用来修饰动词.

        例如,  I very liked him. ( 不可以 )      

副词用在表示 ‘频率’ 及 ‘次数’ 上的有always, usually, sometimes, seldom, once,

       及twice等.

             例如,   用在 ‘be’ 动词后.
                               It is usually hot in summer.  (夏天天气通常是热的.)
                        用在一般动词前.
                               My father usually walks home.  (我的父亲经常步行回家.)
                        用在助动词与一般动词之间.
                               I will always love you.  (我将永远爱你.)

副词表示肯定或否定意义的有 yes, not, never, surely, 及 certainly等.

         例如,    肯定副词与否定副词不能同时出现。
            Is he not a student?  (他不是学生吗？)
            Yes, he is not a student.  (不可以, 我国学生要特别留意)
            No, he is not a student.  (是的，他不是学生.)
        必须接在第一个助动词后。
            You should not have asked this question yesterday.

                                 (你昨天不该问这个问题.)    

副词在用法上几点必须注意的地方:

    1.  副词尽量放在它所形容的字的邻近, 能够愈近愈好.

2.  下列各副词, 用时要非常注意它们的位置, 因为位置的前后不同, 会改变全句的

     意思.  这些副词通常须放在它们所修饰的字前.  如: almost, ever,  merely , quite, 

      just,  及only 等

                例如,   Only our teacher criticized my composition.

                                (祇有我们的教师批评我的文章.)

                            Our teacher only criticized my composition.

                                (我们的教师批评我的文章.)

     3.  ever 常和否定副词 hardly及 scarcely连用 (hardly ever, scarcely ever), 但不能和

         always连用.

                例如,   We hardly ever hear from him.

                             I hardly ever study at night.

作业五十二 

试将下列各句翻译成中文:

1. John has a very big book.

2. Your stick is too long.

3. He speaks very slowly.

4. I often receive my sister's letters.

5. Why does he not come?

6. Where do you learn English?

7. That beautiful girl sings again.