形容词的变化很大, 使用方面也非常广泛, 而且在英文语言中占很重要的位置. 若要把关于形容词的构成作详细的说明, 实非本博客撰寫的目的, 所以请有心上进的学子, 到高中英文语法博客中去寻找. 这里只谈及原本就是形容词的基本用法, 它不是由其它词类或短语演变来的.
总括的来说, 形容词的用法是要回答下列三个问题:
那一个? (Which one ?)
那一类? (What kind of ?)
多少? (How many ?)
基本上对以上三方面的使用法都已经讲过, 但有些形容词常常被混淆或误用的. 也有时因放的位置不合适而意思走样了. 所以关于这类的形容词必须要仔细去了解其特殊的用法.
常常被混淆或误用的形容词
当两个有类似意义的形容词, 例如: high 和 tall, 在我國的文字中只有一个 ‘高’字, 用在 ‘山高’ 和 ‘人高’ 都对. 但是在英文里就有分别.
例如, The mountain is 4000 feet high at least.
The mountain is 4000 feet tall at least. (不妥当)
John is five feet and ten inches tall.
He is five feet and ten inches high. (不是习惯的用法)
又如: large, great, big这三个字对中国学生, 尤其是初学英语的年青学子在使用上需经时间的磨炼, 才能了解其分别. 一般英美人士用large在事物方面; 而用great来形容人;但big比large, great是较俗的用语.
例如, Taipei is a large city.
This classroom is very large.
He is a great man. ( ‘large’ 肯定不可用在形容人的伟大上)
This is a big tree.
谈到修饰名词时, 曾提到量的限制. ‘few’ 和 ‘little’ 的用法, 需要特别小心. 前者是用在修饰可数的名词; 而后者是用在修饰不可数的名词.
例如, He had little food in the house. (他有很少的食物 ‘不可数’)
There are a few doctors in town. (城中有些医生 ‘可数的’)
谈到形容词對不同性别的名词上的修饰时, 有三个单词要注意使用, ‘pretty’, ‘handsome’ , 和 ‘beautiful’ . ‘Pretty’ (漂亮的) 通常是用来描述女人及小孩的面貌的. ‘beautiful’ (美丽的) 若用来描述人物时, 是形容女人专用的, 决不能用于男性. 而‘handsome’ (雄伟的) 若用来描述人物时, 单单用于男性.
例如, Susan is a pretty girl.
John is as handsome as his father.
She is a very beautiful lady.
He is a handsome boy.
形容词所在的位置
在形容词(一)讲章中提到形容词修饰其它词汇常见有两种方式, 一种在
它要修饰的词汇前面, 几乎都是紧接出现在他们所修饰的名词之前, 叫做
属性形容词; 另一种在整个句子的后, 称为宾位形容词. 这种句子中
一定可见到连系动词.
例如, The fish is still alive. (这条鱼仍是活生生的)
alive fish. (不能这样用)
又如,
lively chickens (活泼的鸡儿), 這意思是否有点儿滑稽. 应该说
living chickens (活鸡). 也不可用 ‘alive chickens’.
形容词所在位置的決定, 有下列各點可供你參考:
形容词一般放在名词前作屬性描寫:
单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠
单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠
词, 其後有其他形容詞等.
例如:a red flower(一朵红花)
an interesting story(一个有趣的故事)
在以下特殊用法中, 形容词置于所修饰的名词之后.
例如:All people, young or old, should be strict with themselves. (所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己.)
We are building a new school, modern and super.
(我们正在建一所现代化和超標準的新型学校.)
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another.
(所有的国家,无论穷富, 都应该互相帮助.)
有少数形容词, 如enough和possible, 既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修
饰的名词之后.
例如:Do you have enough time (or time enough) to prepare?
(你有足够的时间做准备吗?)
Maybe it will be a possible chance ( or chance possible) for you.
Maybe it will be a possible chance ( or chance possible) for you.
(或许它将成为你一次可能的机遇.)
有些形容词, 置于名词之前与之后, 含义不尽相同.
例如:the writer present (出席的作者)
the present writer (现在的作者)
the present writer (现在的作者)
若有一组形容词修饰一个名词, 下列的排列的顺序可为参考:
限定 + 数量 + 属性 + 形状 + 年龄 + 颜色 + 出处 + 材料
例如, The old lady bought a few useful oblong black cardboard boxes yesterday.
(昨天这位老妇人买了一些有用的长方形黑色的厚纸板盒子.)
We were deeply impressed by her charming small pink face.
We were deeply impressed by her charming small pink face.
(我们对于她那迷人的粉红色小小脸蛋印象深刻.)
作业四十 八
请将下列形容词重新组合成为适合的次序再填写空格:
1 . One of the servants has broken one of ________.
blue the eight only brilliant tea cups
blue the eight only brilliant tea cups
2. Who built ________?
white the stone big building
white the stone big building
3. When we visited the park, we admired ________.
marble some statues high impressive
marble some statues high impressive
4. This is the ________ I lost yesterday.
steel long sharp knife
steel long sharp knife
5. On the table was ________.
green silk small a purse in a pretty leather box
green silk small a purse in a pretty leather box
6. ________ classes are large.
The teacher's afternoon interesting two
The teacher's afternoon interesting two
7. ________ programs are beginning this morning.
very Several American radio good
very Several American radio good
8. ________ frames are on exhibition at the museum.
Several black narrow picture
Several black narrow picture
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