形容詞二

形容詞二

  (b) 定冠詞 (definite article) 

        定冠詞是用在單數和複數的指定或特定的名詞前面.  它是用來顯示該名詞是特

        殊的.

                  例如,   The dog that bit me ran away.  (這隻逃跑的狗是咬了我的那隻.)

                              I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat! 

                                 (這個警員是救了我的貓的那一位.)

                              Look at the mountains.  (多數,  注視這群山.) 

其用法依序講解下: 

‘the’ 可用在可數的或不可數的名詞前.

               例如,   I love to sail over the water.     (是一種特殊的水面上)

                           I love to sail over water.          (任何的水面上).

                           He spilled the milk all over the floor.  (他把這牛奶倒在那地板上)

                           He spilled milk all over the floor.  (他把任何的牛奶倒在那地板上). 

   當名詞被兩個形容詞修飾時, 如該形容詞指兩個或兩種人物, 則第二個形容詞之前

       須加一個定冠詞. 

               例如,      the black and white dogs (黑白雜色的狗) 指一種狗.

                              the black and the white dogs (黑狗和白狗) 却指兩種狗. 

   複數名詞之前的定冠詞不可省略去:

a few of the idlers         many of the books

all of the men                  most of the incidents

few of the classes          ten of the answers 

   不可數的名詞, 未被限定時, 不加冠詞, 但它們一經限定, 則須加定冠詞.

               例如,  Paper is made from pulp (紙由紙漿造成)

                          The paper we write on is made from cloth (我們所用的紙是由布造成的) 

                          Waste causes want (浪費可致 貧乏)

                          Waste of money causes want (金錢的浪費可致貧乏)

                          The waste that is least excusable is the waste of labour.

                                (最不可恕的浪費是勞方的浪費)

                          Police maintain order (警察維持秩序)

                          The police we met were all-soldiers (警察都是軍人)

               註:  有些名詞在可數或不可數之間不容易確定, 須從其意義上分別它們是

                      可數的還是不可數的. 

    像下列各短語中的集團字 (mass-word) 前, 定冠詞不可略去:

    例如,  all of the water                       much of the time

               almost all of the interest        most of the beauty

               little of the paper                   half of the information 

任何名詞被限制時都須加定冠詞.

       如例,   Hay is dried grass (秣草是曬乾的草)

                   Tell the gardener to cut the grass (被限定, ‘叫園丁割草’)

                   He lectured on motion (他演講’ ‘運動’)

                   I became tired of the motion of the boat (被限定.  ‘我厭倦了船的擺動’). 

     定冠詞常用在某種名詞的前面, 以顯示它們的獨特性 (uniqueness).    

            例如,     the air (大氣)                         the Bible (聖經)                 

                          the Devil (惡魔)                     the earth (地球)                       
                          the moon (月 )                        the sea (海)                              
                          the sky (天空)                        the sun (太陽)
                          the universe (宇宙)               the world (世界)            　

      在下列各專有名詞 (proper noun) 之前要加定冠詞:
           (1)  洋, 海, 港灣, 江河, 海流, 運河等的名字:
                 例如,    the Atlantic (Ocean);        the Pacific (Ocean
                              the Gulf of Mexico;          the Gulf of California;        
                              the Yangtze;                     the river Jordan;
                              the Coast Current;            the Suez Canal;
           (2) 山脈,  群島, 半島的名字:
                  例如,   the Malay Peninsula;        the Philippine Island.
                              the Rock Mountains;        the Alps 
           (3) 附有短語的專有名詞:
                  例如,   the University of Chicago (but Chicago University)
                              the Republic of China (but China)
                              the Province of Shansi (but Shansi Province)
                              the District of Columbia (but Washington. D. C.)
                              the State of California (but California)           
           (4) 名詞前加形容單詞(adjectival word) 而成的專名:
                  例如,    the Ming Dynasty                                  the United States (but America)
                               the South Manchuria Railway               the Imperial Theatre
                               the Peking Union Medical College       the Forbidden City  

作業四十五 

在下列各句中選擇適當的冠詞:

1. Look at (a, an, the) mountains.
2. One egg had (a, an, the) tiny crack.
3. I looked down into (a, an, the) eagle’s nest.
4. That's (a, an, the) lie!
5. Liars must have (a, an, the) good memory.
6. Beggars must not be (a, an, the) choosers. .
7. They are talking like (a, an, the) pair of lovers.
8. That's (a, an, the)  girl!
9. Have (a, an, the) letter sent at once.
10. I want three things in life: work, (a, an, the) good library, and (a, an, the) honest
      friend.