32 代名及数量形容词

32  代名及数量形容词 (Pronominal and Quantitative Adjectives):                  1/22/2012

代名形容词 :  有代名词性质的形容词.  兹以下列两类举例说明: 

1.  指示形容词 (demonstrative adj.):  this, that, these. those.  前面曾讨论过指示代名词

     也是它们.  现在来讲分辨它们的方法, 一般来讲这四个单词多用为形容词, 若发现

     它们单独的使用, 也就是说它们后面跟随的是连缀动词 (linking verb), 那它们是

     用作代表宾位的名词, 可判定它们是代名词, 站在句子的主位. 今举例如下:

             例如,   1).  This man is sensible.    (后面跟随man)

                         2).  This is a sensible man.   

                         3).  That is a giant sunflower.

                         4).  That sunflower is a giant.  (后面跟随sunflower)

                         5).  These are small eggplants.

                         6).  These eggplants are small.  (后面跟随eggplants)

                         7).  Those are collards behind the turnips.

                         8).  Those collards are behind the turnips.  (后面跟随collards)    

      指示形容词是用以回答 ‘ which?’ ‘是那一个?’ 的问题.  ‘this’ 和 ‘these’ 是描述邻近的事物; 而 ‘that’  和 ‘those’ 是描述较远的事物. ‘this’ 和‘that’ 只能放在单数的事物名词前; 而‘these’ 和 ‘those’ 是放在复数的事物的名词前.  在使用前请务必留意这些分别.

      例如,   You like these apples.  (你喜欢这些苹果 ‘多数’)

                  I like those apples.       (我喜欢那些苹果 ‘多数’)

                  This man is sensible.    (这个男人是通达讲理的 ‘单数’ )

                  I know that boy over there.  (我认识那边的那个男孩 ‘单数’)

     提示:  你也可参考前面的八个例句中获得了解其关于这方面的应用.

                1,2,5,6四句是指靠近的人或事物; 而3,4,7,8则是指示较远的事物. 

                又1,2,3,4四句是用在单数名词前面, 而5,6,7,8四句是用在复数名词前面. 

2.  不定形容词 (indefinite adj.) : any, each, all, some, both, every等.

   1).  不定形容词是由不定代名词转化而来的没有指明某人或某物的形容词.

   2).  如何分辨其为不定形容词或不定代名词:
         分辨的方法与分辨指示形容词和指示代名词相同.  它们后面接名词, 即为不定

         形容词; 若不接名词即为不定代名词.
                 例如,    Some people say that it may snow in June.

                              (有些人说六月会下雪. Some后接名词 people, 所以是不定形容词.)
                             Some say that it may snow in June.
                             (Some后没有接名词, 所以它是不定代名词.)  

数量形容词 :  

数量形容词可分为:

    不定数量形容词 ( Indefinite Quantitative Adj.) 如:  little ,much, few, 和many 等.

     数词:  可分为两种

        基数: ( Cardinal Number)   如:   1, 2, 3, …，也有时用文字( word )，如, one,   

              two, three个数目.

 序数(Ordinal Numeral ) 序数有时用文字，如first, second, third，有时则用

      到数字， 如1st, 2nd, 3rd. 

   不定数量形容词用以形容或表示不确定的数和量, 可分类如下:

        表示数的: few, several, 和 many  只可形容可数的名词.

                  例如,   Many Americans travel to Europe.

                        I spent many hours on this composition.

                        She used several hours on her make-up.

       表示量的: much, 和 little  只可形容不可数的名词.

           例如,  I hope he will learn a little manners.
                               (我希望他能稍为学习一点礼仪)                    

                      They enjoy much of the comforts of life there.

                               (他们在那里享受许多生活上的安逸)

                      Disagreeable persons have little friends.

                      We bought much literature.

                      They have so much money in the bank.

                      He had little food in the house.     

                            The horse drinks so much water. 

       表数和量的:  some, any, all, no, enough 能形容可数及不可数的名词.

            例如,   There is enough money to buy a car.

                        I have enough books to read.

                             There is no time to finish now. 

                             There are no squirrels in the park.

                       There is some water on the floor.

  There are some Mexicans here.

                             Do you have any food?

                             Do you have any apples? 

作业四十九 

试指明下列各修饰词何者为形容可数的名词, 又何者形容不可数的名词

1.  Wait a little while.

2.  Wait a few minutes.

    3.  We bought many books.

4.  I spent much time on this composition.

5.  There are a few doctors in town.

6.  He had few reasons for his opinion.

7.  He had little food in the house.

8.  There are a few doctors in town.

9. He had few reasons for his opinion.