138(路第11-12課) Luke 23 CONDEMNED AND CRUCIFIED 08/17/2025
CHAPTER 十一課 Luke 23 CONDEMNED AND CRUCIFIED
第十一課 路加23章 處刑和釘十字架
The trial and death of Jesus Christ revealed both the wicked heart of man and the gracious heart of God. When men were doing their worst, God was giving His best. “But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound” (Rom. 5:20). Jesus was not crucified because evil men decided to get Him out of the way. His crucifixion was “by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God” (Acts 2:23), an appointment made from eternity (1 Peter 1:20; Rev. 13:8).
耶稣基督的审判和死亡啟示人的邪恶之心和上帝的仁慈。当人做最坏的事情时，上帝却正賜人最好的。 “但罪在那裡顯多，恩典就更顯多了”（罗马书5:20）。若耶稣没有钉在十字架上，是因为邪恶的人决定要除去祂。祂之钉十字架是“經过議會的決定和上帝的预知”（使徒行传2:23），是永恒的約會（彼得前书1:20;启示录13：8）。
As you study this chapter, notice the six encounters our Lord experienced during those critical hours.
研讀本章时，要留意我们的主在关键时刻的六次相遇的事件。
1. Jesus and Pilate (23:1–25)
1. 耶稣与彼拉多（23：1-25）
Pontius Pilate served as governor of Judea from AD 26 to 36, at which time he was recalled to Rome and then passed out of official Roman history. He was hated by the orthodox Jews and never really understood them. Once he aroused their fury by putting up pagan Roman banners in the Jewish temple, and he was not beneath sending armed spies into the temple to silence Jewish protesters (Luke 13:1–3).
公元26至36年，本丢 . 彼拉多担任犹大總督, 過後他就被召回罗马，然后从沒有出現在罗马官方历史中。正统的犹太人憎恨他，从未真正理解他。有一次，他在犹太圣殿中放置异教徒的罗马旗幟而激怒他们，他没有将武装间谍進入圣殿, 使得犹太抗议者沉默（路加福音13：1-3）。
In his handling of the trial of Jesus, the governor proved to be indecisive. The gospel of John records seven different moves that Pilate made as he went out to meet the people and then went in to question Jesus (John 18:29, 33, 38; 19:1, 4, 9, 13). He kept looking for a loophole, but he found none. Pilate has gone down in history as the man who tried Jesus Christ, three times declared Him not guilty, and yet crucified Him just the same.
在他处理耶稣的审判案子时，被証明總督是优柔寡断的人。约翰福音记录了彼拉多曾前後進出七次之多, 以不同的动機接觸百姓，然后才開始问耶稣（约翰福音18：29,33,38; 19：1,4,9,13）。他一直在寻找漏洞，但他無发找得到。自從彼拉多審判耶稣基督以後, 在历史上他便走下坡路, 他曾三次宣耶穌无罪，但却仍将祂钉在十字架上。
Pilate affirming (vv. 1–5). Roman officials were usually up early and at their duties, but Pilate was probably surprised that morning to learn that he had a capital case on his hands, and on Passover at that. The Jewish leaders knew that their religious laws meant nothing to a Roman official, so they emphasized the political aspects of their indictment against Jesus. There were three charges: He perverted the nation, opposed paying the poll tax to Caesar, and claimed to be a king.
Pilate privately interrogated Jesus about His kingship because that was the crucial issue, and he concluded that He was guilty of no crime. Three times during the trial, Pilate clearly affirmed the innocence of Jesus (Luke 23:4, 14, 22). Dr. Luke reported three other witnesses besides Pilate who also said, “Not guilty!”: King Herod (Luke 23:15), one of the malefactors (Luke 23:40–43), and a Roman centurion (Luke 23:47).
彼拉多私下审问耶稣关于祂的王权，因为这是至关重要的问题，他得出的结论是，祂沒有犯罪。在审判期间，彼拉多三次明确肯定了耶稣的清白（路加福音23：4,14,22）。路加博士报告了除了彼拉多以外, 另外的三位证人，也都说：“祂无罪！”：希律王（路加福音23:15），犯罪分子中的一位（路加福音23：40-43）和罗马百夫长（路加福音23:47） ）。
Pilate deferring (vv. 6–12). The Jews rejected his verdict and began to accuse Jesus all the more. When they mentioned Galilee, Pilate, astute politician that he was, immediately saw an opportunity to get Jesus off his hands. He sent Him to Herod Antipas, ruler of Galilee, the man who had murdered John the Baptist, who was anxious to see Jesus (Luke 9:7–9). Perhaps the wily king could find some way to please the Jews.
彼拉多的延遲（第6-12节）。犹太人拒绝了他的判决，开始更多地指控耶稣。当他们提到加利利，彼拉多是精明的政治家，立即想到把耶穌送到了加利利的统治者希律安提帕那裡，他是杀害施洗约翰的人，渴望见耶稣（路加福音9：7-9）, 這樣讓希律可以見到耶稣, 並且可以使案件轉到希律手中。或许狡猾的希律王可以找到一些取悦犹太人的方法。
Herod must have been shocked and perhaps nervous when the guards brought Jesus in, but the more he questioned Him, the bolder he became. Perhaps Jesus might even entertain the king with a miracle! In spite of the king’s persistent interrogation and the Jews’ vehement accusations, Jesus said nothing. Herod had silenced the voice of God. It was not Herod who was judging Jesus; it was Jesus who was judging Herod.
当守卫带進耶稣的时候，希律肯定感到震惊，也许是紧张，但他越是质问耶穌，他就越大胆。也许耶稣甚至可以用神迹来娱乐国王！尽管国王持续审讯和犹太人的激烈指责，耶稣什么也没说。希律使上帝的声音沉默。不是希律王审判耶稣; 而是耶稣在审判希律王。
The king finally became so bold as to mock Jesus and permit his soldiers to dress Him in “an elegant robe,” the kind that was worn by Roman candidates for office. Herod did not issue an official verdict about Jesus (Luke 23:15), but it was clear that he did not find Him guilty of any crime worthy of death (Luke 23:15).
国王终于变得如此大胆，以至于嘲笑耶稣并允许他的士兵給祂穿上“彩色的长袍”，这長袍是罗马人競選公職所穿的。希律并没有对耶稣作判决（路加福音23:15），但显然他并没有发现祂犯了任何值得死的罪（路加福音23:15）。
The only thing accomplished by this maneuver was the mending of a broken friendship. Herod was grateful to Pilate for helping him to see Jesus and for honoring him by seeking his counsel. The fact that Herod sent Jesus back to Pilate without issuing a verdict could be interpreted as, “Since we are not in Galilee, Pilate, you have the authority to act, and I will not interfere. Jesus is your prisoner, not mine. I know you will do the right thing.” Finally, the fact that the two men met over a common threat (or enemy) helped them to put aside their differences and become friends again.
彼拉多的策略所取得的唯一成就就是修复了他和希律之間破碎的友谊。希律很感激彼拉多帮助他看见耶稣，及尊敬他來寻求他的忠告。希律王在没有作出判决的情况下将耶稣再送回彼拉多, 他解释說：“因为我们不在加利利，彼拉多，你有权采取行动，我不会干涉。耶稣是你的人犯，不是我的。我知道你会做對的。” 最后，他們因遇到共同威胁（或敌人）, 故使他们抛开成見，再次成为朋友。
Pilate bargaining (vv. 13–23). He met the Jewish leaders and announced for the second time that he did not find Jesus guilty of the charges they had made against Him. The fact that Herod backed Pilate’s decision would not have impressed the Jews very much, because they despised Herod almost as much as they despised the Romans.
彼拉多讨价还价（13-23节）。他遇到了犹太领袖，并第二次宣布他没有发现耶稣犯了他们对祂的指控的罪。希律王支持彼拉多决定的事实, 不会给犹太人留下太深刻的印象，因为他们鄙视希律, 几乎與他们鄙视罗马人一样。
Since it was customary at Passover for the governor to release a prisoner, Pilate offered the Jews a compromise: he would chastise Jesus and let Him go. He had another prisoner on hand, Barabbas, but Pilate was sure the Jews would not want him to be released. After all, Barabbas was a robber (John 18:40), a murderer, and an insurrectionist (Luke 23:19). He may have been a leader of the Jewish Zealots, who at that time was working for the overthrow of Rome.
由于總督在逾越节时依照惯例要释放一個囚犯，彼拉多向犹太人妥协的提供：他会惩罚耶稣，然後让祂离开。他手边还有另一名囚犯巴拉巴(Barabbas)，但彼拉多确信犹太人不会让他被释放。毕竟，巴拉巴是强盗（约翰福音18:40），凶手和叛乱分子（路加福音23:19.） 他可能是犹太奮銳党的领袖，当时他正在作推翻罗马的工作。
We must not think that the general populace of the city was gathered before Pilate and crying out for the blood of Jesus, although a curious crowd no doubt gathered. It was primarily the official religious leaders of the nation, the chief priests in particular (Luke 23:23), who shouted Pilate down and told him to crucify Jesus. To say that the people who cried “Hosanna!” on Palm Sunday ended up crying “Crucify Him!” on Good Friday is not completely accurate.
我们绝不能认为現在站在彼拉多前面且呼籲耶稣的血的這城中的平民, 只是一群好奇的群眾, 而沒有目的聚集在一起。但他們主要成分是国家的官方宗教领袖，特别是祭司长（路加福音23:23），他们的大喊, 是告訴彼拉多将耶稣钉在十字架上。那群往日在棕櫚樹節呼叫“何撒拉(讚美上帝Hosanna)！”的人, 最后竟在耶稣受难日大叫“钉死祂！”這說法并不完全准确。
Pilate yielding (vv. 24–25). Pilate realized that his mishandling of the situation had almost caused a riot, and a Jewish uprising was the last thing he wanted during Passover. So, he called for water and washed his hands before the crowd, affirming his innocence (Matt. 27:24–25). He was a compromiser who was “willing to content the people” (Mark 15:15). Barabbas was released and Jesus was condemned to die on a Roman cross.
彼拉多屈服（24-25节）。彼拉多意识到, 若他处理這案件不当, 會引起骚乱，犹太人在逾越节期间的起义是他最不想看到的。所以，他要了水，在群眾面前洗手，肯定他的清白（马太福音27：24-25）。他是“愿意满足人民”的妥协者（马可福15:15）。巴拉巴被释放，耶稣被判死在罗马人的十字架上。
Pilate was a complex character. He openly said that Jesus was innocent, yet he permitted Him to be beaten and condemned Him to die. He carefully questioned Jesus and even trembled at His answers, but the truth of the Word did not make a difference in his decisions. He wanted to be popular and not right; he was more concerned about reputation than he was character. If Herod had silenced the voice of God, then Pilate smothered the voice of God. He had his opportunity and wasted it.
彼拉多是鬼怍多端的人。他公开说耶稣是无辜的，但又允许殴打耶穌並定祂死罪。他仔细地质问耶稣，甚至对祂的回答感到震惊，但是圣经的真理并没有影响他的决定。他想要受欢迎是不對的; 他更关注声誉，而不是他的性格。如果希律已经沉默了上帝的声音，那么彼拉多就壓抑了上帝的声音。他有机会, 却浪费了它。
2. Jesus and Simon (23:26)
2. 耶稣和西门（23:26）
It was a part of the prisoner’s humiliation that he carry his own cross to the place of execution, so when Jesus left Pilate’s hall, He was carrying either the cross or the crossbeam (John 19:17). Apparently, He was unable to go on, for the soldiers had to “draft” Simon of Cyrene to carry the cross for Him. (This was a legal Roman procedure. See Matt. 5:41.) When you consider all that Jesus had endured since His arrest in the garden , it is not difficult to imagine Him falling under the load. But there is something more involved: carrying the cross was a sign of guilt, and our Lord was not guilty!
囚犯将他自己的十字架背到受刑处是他的部分羞辱，所以当耶稣离开彼拉多的大厅时，祂背着十字架或横梁（约翰福音19:17）。显然，他无法背下去，所以兵丁不得不“徵召”古利奈的西蒙为祂背十字架。 （这是罗马人合法的程序。参见马太福音5:41。）当你思虑耶稣從在花园被捕后所经历的一切審判，不难想象祂会被十字架重负壓倒。但是它還涉及更多的含意：背十字架是有罪的迹象，我们的主无罪！
Thousands of Jews came to Jerusalem from other nations to celebrate the feasts (Acts 2:5–11), and Simon was among them. He had traveled over eight hundred miles from Africa to celebrate Passover, and now he was being humiliated on a most holy day! What would he say to his family when he got home?
成千上万的犹太人从各個国家来到耶路撒冷庆祝节日（使徒行传2：5-11），西门也是其中之一。他从非洲旅行了八百多英里，來到聖城庆祝逾越节，现在他在最神圣的日子被羞辱了！他將如何面對家人？
What looked to Simon like a catastrophe turned out to be a wonderful opportunity, for it brought him in contact with Jesus Christ. (By the way, where was the other Simon—Simon Peter—who had promised Jesus to go with Him to prison and to death?) Simon may have come into the city to attend the 9 a.m. prayer meeting in the temple, but the soldiers rearranged his schedule for him.
對西門看起来像是灾难，结果却是給他绝佳的机会，因为這使得他与耶稣基督同行。 （另一位西門 --- 西門彼得曾经答应與耶稣一起去监狱和死的, 他現在, 在那裡？）西門可能是来到聖城参加上午九点的圣殿祷告会，但士兵會重新為他安排行程。
We have good reason to believe that Simon was converted because of this encounter with Jesus. Mark identified him as “the father of Alexander and Rufus” (Mark 15:21), two men that Mark assumed his Roman readers would know. A Christian named Rufus was greeted by Paul in Romans 16:13, and it is possible that he was the son of Simon of Cyrene. Apparently Simon and his two sons became well-known Christians who were held in honor in the church.
我们深信西門因与耶稣相遇而會悔改。馬可认定他是“亚历山大和鲁孚的父亲”（马可福音15:21），馬可认为他的罗马读者会知道這两人。保罗在罗马书16:13中歡迎那叫鲁孚的基督徒，他有可能就是古利奈的西門之子。显然，西門和他的两个儿子都成为在教堂里被尊敬的著名基督徒。
Before Simon met Jesus, he had religion and devotion, but after he met Jesus, he had reality and salvation. He did both a physical and spiritual “about face” that morning, and it transformed his life. God can still use unexpected and difficult situations, even humiliating situations, to bring people to the Savior.
在西门遇见耶稣之前，他有宗教和虔敬的心，但在遇见耶稣之后，他就有了实存和救恩。那天早上他對他的肉体和屬靈兩者, 都顧及“面子”，它改变了他的生活。上帝仍然可以利用意外和困难，甚至是羞辱的環境，将人带到救主面前。
3. Jesus and the Jerusalem Women (23:27–31)
3. 耶稣和耶路撒冷的妇女（23：27-31）
Public executions drew crowds of spectators, and one involving Jesus would especially attract attention. Add to this the fact that Jerusalem was crowded with pilgrims, and it is not difficult to believe that a “great multitude” was following the condemned man to Calvary.
對受刑人的公开处决吸引了很多观众，更何況是涉及耶稣，更会引起人的注意。除此之外，朝圣者使耶路撒冷更挤满了人，這“偉大群众”正追随這處刑的人到骷髅地是很顯明。
In that crowd was a group of women who openly wept and lamented as they sympathized with Jesus and contemplated the terrible spiritual condition of their nation. It has been pointed out that, as far as the gospel records are concerned, no woman was ever an enemy of Jesus. Nor was Jesus ever the enemy of womankind. His example, His teachings, and most of all, His redemption have done much to dignify and elevate women. The news of His birth was shared with a Jewish maiden, His death was witnessed by grieving women, and the good news of His resurrection was announced first to a woman who had been demon-possessed.
在人群中，有一群婦女, 因她们同情耶稣, 并考虑到她们国家可怕的屬靈情况时，公开地為此哭泣和哀叹。有人指出，就福音書的记載而言，在耶稣的敌人中從沒有過是女人。耶稣也不是婦女的敌人。祂的榜样，教导，以及最重要的是，祂的救赎为尊重和提升女性做了很多工作。祂出生的消息与犹太少女有分，祂的死是由悲伤的女人來作见证，并且祂的复活的好消息, 首先宣布给被恶魔附身的女人。
Jesus appreciated their sympathy and used it to teach them and us an important lesson. While they were weeping over the injustice of one man’s death, He was looking ahead and grieving over the terrible destruction of the entire nation, a judgment that was wholly justified (see Luke 19:41–4). Alas, it would be the women and children who would suffer the most, a fact supported by history. The Romans attempted to starve the Jews into submission, and hungry men, defending their city, took food from their suffering wives and children and even killed and ate their own flesh and blood.
耶稣感謝她们的同情，并用它来教导她们和我们重要的教训。当她们为不公正而處死的人哭泣时，耶穌正在向前看, 并为整个国家的可怕破坏而悲痛，这判断是完全合理的（见路加福音19：41-4）。唉，历史証實遭受最大痛苦的是妇女和儿童。罗马人试图让犹太人挨饿，而饥饿的男人捍卫他们的城市，甚至杀死他们自己的骨肉, 吃他们自己的妻兒的血和肉。
The nation of Israel was like a “green tree” during the years when Jesus was on earth. It was a time of blessing and opportunity, and it should have been a time of fruitfulness. But the nation rejected Him and became like a “dry tree,” fit only for the fire. Jesus often would have gathered His people together, but they would not. In condemning Him, they only condemned themselves.
在耶稣還在世上时，以色列国就像棵“發青的树”。象徵著充满祝福和机会的时代，应该是結果豐滿的日子。但是这个国家拒绝了耶穌，就变得像棵“枯树”，只适合當柴燒。耶稣经常会把祂的百姓聚集在一起，但他们不願意。他們咀咒祂时，是咀咒自己。
We might paraphrase His words: “If the Roman authorities do this to one who is innocent, what will they do to you who are guilty? When the day of judgment arrives, can there be any escape for you?”
4. Jesus and the Malefactors (23:32–43)
4. 耶稣和犯重罪分子（23：32-43）
It had been prophesied that the Suffering Servant would be “numbered with the transgressors” (Isa. 53:12; Luke 22:37), and two criminals were crucified with Jesus, men who were robbers (Matt. 27:38). The Greek word means “one who uses violence to rob openly,” in contrast to the thief who secretly enters a house and steals. These two men may have been guilty of armed robbery involving murder.
有人预言苦难的仆人会“与犯罪的人同死”（以赛亚书53:12;路加福音22:37），两个罪犯与耶稣同时钉在十字架上，他们是强盗（马太福音27:38）。希腊词句的意思是“一人使用暴力来公开抢劫”，与小偷进入房屋并偷窃的形成鲜明对比。这两人可能犯有涉及谋杀的武装抢劫罪。
The name Calvary comes from the Latin calvaria, which means “a skull.” (The Greek is kranion, which gives us the English word cranium, and the Aramaic word is Golgotha.) The name is not explained in the New Testament. The site may have resembled a skull, as does “Gordon’s Calvary” near the Damascus Gate in Jerusalem. Or perhaps the name simply grew out of the ugly facts of execution.
Our Lord was crucified about 9 a.m. and remained on the cross until 3 p.m.; and from noon to 3 p.m., there was darkness over all the land (Mark 15:25, 33). Jesus spoke seven times during those six terrible hours:
1. “Father, forgive them” (Luke 23:34)
2. “Today shalt thou be with me in paradise” (Luke 23:43)
3. “Woman, behold thy son” (John 19:25–27) [Three hours of darkness; Jesus is silent]
4. “Why hast thou forsaken me?” (Matt. 27:46)
5. “I thirst” (John 19:28)
6. “It is finished!” (John 19:30)
7. “Father, into thy hands” (Luke 23:46)
1.“父啊，赦免他们”（路加福音23:34）
2.“今天你要在天堂里与我同在”（路加福音23:43）
3.“婦人，看哪，你的儿子”（约翰福音19：25-27）[三个小时的黑暗;耶稣沉默]
5.“我渴了”（约翰福音19:28）
6.“成了！”（约翰福音19:30）
7.“父啊，我在你的手裡”（路加福音23:46）
Luke recorded only three of these seven statements, the first, the second, and the last. Our Lord’s prayer for His enemies, and His ministry to a repentant thief, fit in well with Luke’s purpose to show Jesus Christ as the sympathetic Son of Man who cared for the needy.
路加只记录了十架七言中的第一句，第二句和最后一句等三句。我们的主为祂的敌人祷告，祂对悔改的小偷賜給應許，与路加寫本福音書的目的相吻合，以显示耶稣基督是照顾有需要的人的, 滿有憐憫心的人子。
While they were nailing Him to the cross, He repeatedly prayed, “Father,forgivethem; for they know not what they do” (Luke 23:34). Not only was He practicing what He taught (Luke 6:27–28), but He was fulfilling prophecy and making “intercession for the transgressors” (Isa. 53:12).
当他们把耶穌钉在十字架上时，祂反复祈祷，“父啊，原谅他们; 因为他们所做的他們不知道“（路加福音23:34）。祂不仅实践了祂所教导的（路加福音6：27-28），而且祂正在應驗预言, 并为“犯罪者代求”（以赛亚书53:12）。
We must not infer from His prayer that ignorance is a basis for forgiveness, or that those who sinned against Jesus were automatically forgiven because He prayed. Certainly both the Jews and the Romans were ignorant of the enormity of their sin, but that could not absolve them. The law provided a sacrifice for sins committed ignorantly, but there was no sacrifice for deliberate presumptuous sin (Ex. 21:14; Num. 15:27–31; Ps. 51:16–17). Our Lord’s intercession postponed God’s judgment on the nation for almost forty years, giving them additional opportunities to be saved (Acts 3:17–19).
我们絕對不能从祂的祷告中推断， “忽視” 是宽恕的基础，或者那些敵對耶稣犯罪的人, 因为祂的祷告而得到自动的赦免。当然，犹太人和罗马人都忽視他们犯罪的严重性，但是却无法赦免他们。法律为无知的罪行網開一面，但不是對犯故意放肆的罪（出埃及记21:14;民数记15：27-31;诗篇51：16-17）。我们的主的代祷遲延了上帝对以色列国的审判近有四十年，给了他们更多的机会得救（使徒行传3：17-19）。
4
It was providential that Jesus was crucified between the two thieves, for this gave both of them equal access to the Savior. Both could read Pilate’s superscription, “This is Jesus of Nazareth the King of the Jews,” and both could watch Him as He graciously gave His life for the sins of the world.
耶稣在两个小偷之间被钉在十字架上是有天意的，因为这使同釘十字架的两人都能一樣地見到救主。都可以读到彼拉多的标题，“这是犹太人的王拿撒勒人耶稣”，他们都注視着耶穌恩愛地为世界的罪付出了祂生命的極大的代價。
The one thief imitated the mockery of the religious leaders and asked Jesus to rescue him from the cross, but the other thief had different ideas. He may have reasoned, “If this Man is indeed the Christ, and if He has a kingdom, and if He has saved others, then He can
meet my greatest need, which is salvation from sin. I am not ready to die!” It took courage for this thief to defy the influence of his friend and the mockery of the crowd, and it took faith for him to trust a dying King! When you consider all that he had to overcome, the faith of this thief is astounding.
其中之一的小偷模仿宗教领袖一樣的嘲弄耶穌，還要求耶稣从十字架上救他，但另一小偷的想法不同。他可能會说：“如果耶穌确实是基督，如果祂有国度，如果祂拯救了他人，那么祂就可以满足我的最大需要，就是从罪中得救。我还没有准备好去死！” 这小偷必需要有足夠的勇气來反抗他的朋友的影响和群眾對祂的嘲弄的誘惑，來信靠垂死的王！当你想到这小偷必须克服這一切时，他的信心令人震撼。
The man was saved wholly by grace; it was the gift of God (Eph. 2:8–9). He did not deserve it, and he could not earn it. His salvation was personal and secure, guaranteed by the word of Jesus Christ. The man hoped for some kind of help in the future, but Jesus gave him forgiveness that very day, and he died and went with Jesus to paradise (2 Cor. 12:1–4).
这人完全被恩典拯救了; 这是上帝的恩赐（以弗所书2：8-9）。他不配得，他沒有賺得, 是白白的獲得。他的救恩是个人的，是安全的，由耶稣基督的话來保证。这人希望在将来獲得帮助，但是耶稣在當天就给了他宽恕，他死了，与耶稣同進天堂（哥林多后书12：1-4）。
It should be noted that the people at Calvary fulfilled Old Testament prophecy in what they did: gambling for our Lord’s clothing (Ps. 22:18), mocking Him (Ps. 22:6–8), and offering Him vinegar to drink (Ps. 69:21). God was still on the throne and His Word was still in control.
应该特別指出的是，在骷髅地的人所做的完成了旧约的预言：为我们的主衣服抽籤（诗篇22:18），嘲笑祂（诗篇22：6-8），并給祂醋喝（诗篇69:21）。上帝仍在宝座上，祂的话仍掌權。
5. Jesus and the Father (23:44–49)
5. 耶稣与天父（23：44-49）
We must keep in mind that what our Lord accomplished on the cross was an eternal transaction that involved Him and the Father. He did not die as a martyr who had failed in a lost cause. Nor was He only an example for people to follow. Isaiah 53 makes it clear that Jesus did not die for His own sins, because He had none; He died for our sins. He made His soul an offering for sin (Isa. 53:4–6, 10–12).
The three hours of darkness was a miracle. It was not an eclipse, because that would have been impossible during the Passover season when there is a full moon. It was a God-sent darkness that shrouded the cross as the Son of God was made sin for us (2 Cor. 5:21). It was as though all nature was sympathizing with the Creator as He suffered and died. When Israel was in Egypt, three days of darkness preceded the first Passover (Ex. 10:21ff.). When Jesus was on the cross, three hours of darkness preceded the death of God’s Lamb for the sins of the world (John 1:29).
三小时的黑暗是神迹。这不是日蝕，因那時是满月期间，在满月期间是不可能有日蝕的。当上帝的儿子为我们的緣故成为有罪时，是上帝恩赐的黑暗笼罩着十字架（哥林多后书5:21）。好像所有大自然的一切都為為造物主哭泣，因为祂遭受了痛苦和死亡。当以色列人在埃及时，在首次逾越节之前, 有三天的黑暗（出埃及记10：21經節對比）。当耶稣在十字架上时，在上帝的羔羊为世人的罪孽死亡之前，有三小时的黑暗（约翰福音1:29）。
Both Matthew 27:45–46 and Mark 15:33–34 record our Lord’s cry at the close of the darkness, a Hebrew quotation from Psalm 22:1, “My God, My God, why hast thou forsaken me?” What this abandonment was and how Jesus felt it are not explained to us, but certainly it involves the fact that He became sin for us.
马太福音27：45-46和马可福音15：33-34同時记載了我们的主在黑暗结束时的呐喊，希伯来文引用诗篇22：1，“我的上帝，我的上帝，为什么离弃我？”这離弃是指什麼說的？耶稣有什麼感觉, 經上没有解释，但肯定是因为祂为我们的緣故被認定有罪。
Our Lord cried with a loud voice, “It is finished!” (John 19:30), a declaration of victory. He had finished the work the Father gave Him to do (John 17:4). The work of redemption was completed, the types and prophecies were fulfilled (Heb. 9:24ff.), and the Savior could now rest.
我们的主大声喊着说：“成了！”（约翰福音19:30），這是胜利的宣告。祂完成了天父所赐给祂的工作（约翰福音17：4）。救赎的工作已经完成，型式和预言得以实现（希伯来书9：24經文對比），救主现在可以安息了。
He then addressed His Father in the final statement from the cross, “Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit” (Ps. 31:5). This was actually a bedtime prayer used by Jewish children, and it tells us how our Lord died: confidently, willingly (John 10:17–18), and victoriously. Those who know Jesus as their Savior may die with the same confidence and assurance (2 Cor. 5:1–8; Phil. 1:20–23).
然后, 耶穌在十架上向祂的天父说的最后一句：“天父阿，我將靈魂交在你的手裡”（诗篇31：5）。实际上, 這是犹太儿童使用的睡前祷告，它告诉我们, 我们的主是如何死的：自信的，自愿的（约翰福音10：17-18），和胜利地。那些知道耶稣为他们的救主的人, 可能死時会有同样的信心和確據（哥林多后书5：1-8;腓1：20-23）。
When our Lord released His spirit, the veil of the temple was torn in two “from the top to the bottom” (Mark 15:38). This miracle announced to the priests and people that the way into God’s presence was open for all who would come to Him by faith through Jesus Christ (Heb. 9:1—10:25). No more do sinners need earthly temples, altars, sacrifices, or priests, for all had now been fulfilled in the finished work of the Son of God.
当我们的主释放祂的灵时，圣殿的縵子“从上到下”撕成两半（马可福音15:38）。这神迹向祭司和人宣告，进入上帝面前的道路已經敞開, 凡愿意憑信心到耶稣基督面前的人, 路是开放的（希伯来书9：1-10：25）。罪人不再需要属世的圣殿，祭坛，祭祀或祭司，因为上帝儿子现在已经成就祂的工作。
Luke recorded three responses to the events of the last moments of Christ’s death. The centurion who was in charge of the execution testified, “Certainly this was a righteous [innocent] man, the Son of God” (Mark 15:39; Luke 23:47). He was greatly impressed by the darkness, the earthquake (Matt. 27:54), and certainly the way Jesus suffered and died. He must have been shocked when Jesus shouted and then instantly died, for victims of crucifixion often lingered for days and did not have the strength to speak.
路加记載了基督死亡的最后時刻的三件事的回应。负责行刑的百夫长作证说,“誠然，祂是正义的 [无辜的] 人，真是上帝的儿子”（马可福音15:39;路加福音23:47）。他受黑暗，地震（马太福音27:54）以及耶稣遭受鞭打痛苦和死亡的方式的印象非常深刻。当耶稣大聲喊叫后, 立即的死亡，他一定感到震撼，因为钉十字架的受害者的死亡常常需要好几天的時間, 而且没有力气说话。
The people who came to “see the spectacle” began to drift away one by one, some of them beating their breasts as they felt their guilt (Luke 18:13). Were these people believers? Probably not. They were spectators who were attracted to the execution, but certainly they saw and heard enough to convict them of their own sins.
那些來“看到熱鬧”的人开始一个接一个地離开，其中有些人捶胸的感到内疚（路加福音18:13）。他們是信徒吗？可能不是。他们是來观看耶穌被处决的，但肯定会看到和听到足以使他们認自己的罪行的事。
Finally, our Lord’s friends were there, including the women who followed Jesus (Luke 8:1–3; 24:22). It is significant that the women were the last at the cross and the first at the tomb on Easter morning.
最后，我们的主的朋友, 包括跟随耶稣的女人都在那里（路加福音8：1-3; 24:22）。值得注重的是，女性是在耶穌釘十字架行刑時的后離開的一位, 在复活节早晨在墓前的最早的一位。
6. Jesus and Joseph of Arimathea (23:50–56)
6. 耶稣和亚利马太的约瑟（23：50-56）
Joseph and his friend Nicodemus (John 19:38–42) were both members of the Jewish council, but they had not been present to vote against Jesus. Mark 14:64 states that the whole council condemned Him, and that could not have happened if Joseph and Nicodemus had been there.
约瑟和他的朋友尼哥底母（约翰福音19：38-42）都是犹太議会的成员，但他们并没有出席投票敵对耶稣。马可福音14:64说整个议会都谴责耶穌，若约瑟和尼哥底母在那里，就不會是那樣。
It is likely that Joseph and Nicodemus had learned from the Old Testament Scriptures how Jesus would die, so they agreed to take care of His burial. The new tomb was likely Joseph’s, prepared in a garden near Golgotha but not for himself; it was for Jesus. No rich man would prepare his own burial place so near a place of execution and so far from his own home. The two men could well have been hiding in the tomb while Jesus was on the cross, waiting for that moment when He would yield up His life. They would have the spices and the winding sheets all prepared, for they would probably not be able to go shopping for these items on Passover.
约瑟和尼哥底母很可能从旧约圣经中知道耶稣將会如何死，所以他们同意一同照顾祂的葬礼。新的坟墓可能是约瑟的，是准备在各各他附近的一个花园里，這顯然不适合自己用; 这是给耶稣的。因為没有富人会在靠近行刑地点, 准备他自己的埋葬地方，离他自己家太远。当耶稣在十字架上时，这两人很可能一直躲在坟墓里，等待着祂將生命交給天父的那一刻。他们肯定准备了香料和裹身的布，因为在逾越节他们可能无法购買到这些物品。
When Jesus died, Joseph immediately went to Pilate for permission to have the body, and Nicodemus stayed at Calvary to keep watch. They tenderly took Jesus from the cross, quickly carried Him to the garden, washed the body, and wrapped it with the spices. It was a temporary burial; they would return after the Sabbath to do the job properly. When they laid Jesus into the new tomb, they fulfilled Isaiah 53:9, and they kept the Romans from throwing His body on the garbage dump outside the city. Condemned criminals lost the right to proper burial, but God saw to it that His Son’s body was buried with dignity and love.
当耶稣死后，约瑟立即前往彼拉多要求获得耶穌身体的许可，并且尼哥底母留在骷髅地守望。他们温柔地把耶稣从十字架上取下，迅速将祂带到花园里，洗净身体，并用香料包裹着。这是首先临时的葬礼; 他们会在安息日之后, 再 回来确切地完成耶穌埋葬。当他们将耶稣安置在新坟墓中时，他们实现了以赛亚书53：9，并且不让罗马人把耶穌的尸体扔在城外的垃圾场裡。被定死刑的罪犯失去了他們适当的埋葬权，但上帝看到祂的儿子的身体受到尊严和爱心的埋葬。
It was important that the body be buried properly, for God would raise Jesus from the dead. If there were any doubt about His death or burial, that could affect the message and the ministry of the gospel (1 Cor. 15:1–8).
将尸体妥善埋葬是非常重要，因为上帝将要使耶稣从死里复活。 如果对祂的死亡或埋葬有任何怀疑的話，那可能会影响福音的信息和事工（哥林多前书15：1-8）。
When after six days God finished the work of the “old creation,” He rested (Gen. 2:1–3). After six hours, our Lord finished the work of the “new creation” (2 Cor. 5:17), and He rested on the Sabbath in Joseph’s tomb.
上帝完成了 “旧造物”的工作六天之后，祂安息了（创2：1-3）。我们的主在六小时中，完成了祂的 “新造” 的工作（林后5:17），在安息節日, 祂在约瑟的坟墓里安息。
But that was not the end of the story.
但這不是故事的结束。
He would rise again!
耶穌, 祂仍活著！
謝謝上帝. 完成.
Courage CHAPTER Twelve Luke 24 THE SON OF MAN TRIUMPHS!
勇往直前 第十二課 路加福音第24章 人子的勝利！
“Christianity is in its very essence a resurrection religion,” says Dr. John Stott. “The concept of resurrection lies at its heart. If you remove it, Christianity is destroyed.”
约翰斯托特博士说, “基督教在其本质上是复活宗教，复活的概念是它的核心。如果你将它删除，基督教就沒有了。”
The resurrection of Jesus Christ affirms to us that He is indeed the Son of God, just as He claimed to be (Rom. 1:4). It also proves that His sacrifice for sin has been accepted and that the work of salvation is completed (Rom. 4:24–25). Those who trust Him can “walk in newness of life” because He is alive and imparts His power to them (Rom. 6:4; Gal. 2:20). Our Lord’s resurrection also declares to us that He is the Judge who will come one day and judge the world (Acts 17:30–31).
“耶稣基督的复活证实祂确实是上帝的儿子，正如祂所声称的（罗马书1：4）。这也证明祂为罪所作的牺牲已被接受，而救恩的工作已经完成（罗4：24-25）。那些信靠祂的人可以 “過新人的生活”，因为祂活着并将权力住在他们裡面（罗马书6：4;加拉太书2:20）。我们主的复活也向我们宣告说，祂是审判者, 有一天祂会再来审判世界（使徒行传17：30-31）。
It is no surprise, then, that Satan has attacked the truth of the resurrection. The first lie that he spawned was that the disciples came and stole Christ’s body (Matt. 28:11–15), but it is difficult to imagine how they could have done this. To begin with, the tomb was carefully guarded (Matt. 27:61–66), and it would have been next to impossible for the frightened apostles to overpower the soldiers, open the tomb, and secure the body. But the biggest obstacle is the fact that the apostles themselves did not believe that He would be resurrected! Why, then, would they steal His body and try to perpetrate a hoax?
這麼撒旦要攻击复活的真理就不足为奇了。牠产生的第一个谎言是门徒来把基督的身體偷走了（太28：11-15），但很难想象们徒怎麼能做到这一点。首先，坟墓被嚴谨的保护着（太27：61-66），受惊的使徒们几乎不可能压制士兵，打开坟墓, 并偷走身体。但最大的障碍是使徒们自己不相信祂会复活！那么，他们为什么要偷走耶穌的身体, 尝试做出恶作剧？
A second lie is that Jesus did not really die on the cross but only swooned, and when He was put into the cool tomb, He revived. But Pilate carefully checked with the centurion to see whether Jesus was dead (Mark 15:44), and the Roman soldiers who broke the legs of the two thieves knew that Jesus had died (John 19:31–34). Furthermore, how could a “cool tomb” transform Christ’s body so that He could appear and disappear and walk through closed doors?
第二个谎言是耶稣在十字架上并没有真的死去，而只是晕倒了，当祂被放进冷酷的坟墓时，祂醒過來了。但彼拉多的百夫长仔细的检查過，耶稣的確是已经死了（马可福音15:44），而那打断兩個盗贼的腿的罗马士兵檢查耶稣已经死了（约翰福音19：31-34）。此外，“冷酷的坟墓” 怎么能改变基督的身体，使他能够出现和消失，并通过緊闭的大石頭墓门走出來？
The message of the gospel rests on the death of Jesus Christ and His resurrection (1 Cor. 15:1–8). The apostles were sent out as witnesses of His resurrection (Acts 1:22), and the emphasis in the book of Acts is on the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
福音的信息取决于人對耶稣基督的死和祂的复活（哥林多前书15：1-8）。使徒四處為主作复活的见证人（使徒行传1:22），并且使徒行传的重点在是講耶稣基督的复活。
This explains why Luke climaxed his book with a report of some of the appearances of Jesus after He had been raised from the dead. He first appeared to Mary Magdalene (John 20:11–18), then to the “other women” (Matt. 28:9–10), and then to the two men on the way to Emmaus (Luke 24:13–22). At some time, He also appeared to Peter (Luke 24:34) and to His half-brother James (1 Cor. 15:7).
这就說明为什么路加在他的著作中以耶穌从死里复活后的一些关于耶稣出现的报告為高潮。祂首先出现給玛利亚抹大拉看（约翰福音20：11-18），然后出现在“其他女人”面前（马太福音28：9-10），然后出现在前往以马午斯的路上的两个信徒（路加福音24：13-22） ）。布些时候，祂也在彼得（路加福音24:34）和祂的同父异母兄弟雅各的面前出现（林前15：7）。
That evening, He appeared to the apostles (Luke 24:36–43), but Thomas was not with them (John 20:19–25). A week later, He appeared to the apostles again, especially for the sake of Thomas (John 20:26–31). He appeared to seven of the apostles when they were fishing at the Sea of Galilee (John 21). He appeared several times to the apostles before His ascension, teaching them and preparing them for their ministry (Acts 1:1–12).
那天晚上，祂向使徒显现（路加福音24：36-43），但是多马不在（约翰福音20：19-25）。一周后，特地是为了多马, 祂再次出现在使徒面前（约翰福音20：26-31）。当他们在加利利海打鱼时（约翰福音21章），祂向七位使徒显现。在升天之前，祂多次出现在使徒面前，教导他们并为他们的事工做准备（使徒行传1：1-12）。
When the believers discovered that Jesus was alive, it made a tremendous difference in their lives.
当信徒发现耶稣仍活着，使他们的生活发生了巨大的变化。
2. Perplexed Hearts: He Opens the Tomb (24:1–12).
2. 困惑的心：祂打开坟墓（24：1-12）。
We do not know at what time Jesus arose from the dead on the first day of the week, but it must have been very early. The earthquake and the angel (Matt. 28:2–4) opened the tomb, not to let Jesus out but to let the witnesses in. “Come and see, go and tell!” is the Easter mandate for the church.
我们不知道耶稣在周後的第一天从死里复活的时间，但肯定是很早。地震和天使（马太福音28：2-4）打开坟墓，不是为了让耶稣出来，而是让目击者进去。“来和看，去並告诉人！” 是教会的复活节的任务。
Mary Magdalene had been especially helped by Jesus and was devoted to Him (Luke 8:2). She had lingered at the cross (Mark 15:47), and then she was first at the tomb. With her were Mary the mother of James, Joanna, and other devout women (Luke 24:10), hoping to finish preparing their Lord’s body for burial. It was a sad labor of love that was transformed into gladness when they discovered that Jesus was alive.
抹大拉的玛利亚得到了耶稣特别的帮助，献身于祂（路加福音8：2）。她在十字架路上徘徊（马可福音15:47），然后她首先来到坟墓。与她同在的是雅各的母親馬丽亞，約亞拿和其他虔诚的女人（路加福音24:10），希望完成准备他们的主的尸体好安葬。当她们发现耶稣仍活着，帶的爱心的悲伤工作，变成了喜乐。
“Who will roll the stone away?” was their main concern. The Roman soldiers would not break the Roman seal, especially for a group of mourning Jewish women. But God had solved the problem for them; the tomb was open and there was no body to prepare!
“谁会把石头挪開？” 是他们的主要关鍵。罗马士兵不敢打破有罗马印章的封條，尤其是对一群哀悼犹太妇女的而做。但上帝已经为她们解决了问题; 坟墓是敞开的，没有尸体要准备的！
At this point two angels appeared on the scene. Matthew 28:2 and Mark 16:5 mention only one of the two, the one who gave the message to the women. There was a kind rebuke in his message as he reminded them of their bad memories! More than once, Jesus had told His followers that He would suffer and die and be raised from the dead (Matt. 16:21; 17:22–23; 20:17–19; Luke 9:22, 44; 18:31–34). How sad it is when God’s people forget His Word and live defeated lives. Today, the Spirit of God assists us to remember His Word (John 14:26).
此时，有两位天使顯現在现场。马太福音28：2和马可福音16：5中只提到了两个中的一个，那天使即向女人传达信息。当他提醒他们不好的回忆时，他的信息中有善意的谴责！不止一次，耶稣告诉祂的追随者, 祂会受苦和死亡，并从死里复活（马太福音16:21; 17：22-23; 20：17-19;路加福音9：22,44; 18:31 -34）。当上帝的子民忘记祂的话, 并过着失败的生活时，該是多么悲伤。今天，上帝的灵帮助我们记住祂的话（约翰福音14:26）。
Obedient to their commission, the women ran to tell the disciples the good news, but the men did not believe them! (According to Mark 16:14, Jesus later rebuked them for their unbelief.) Mary Magdalene asked Peter and John to come to examine the tomb (John 20:1–10), and they too saw the proof that Jesus was not there. However, all that the evidence said was that the body was gone and that apparently there had been no violence.
女人顺从她们的使命，跑去告诉门徒这个好消息，但人不相信她们！ （根据马可福音16:14，耶稣后来斥责他们的不信。）抹大拉的马利亚要求彼得和约翰来检查坟墓（约翰福音20：1-10），他们也發現耶稣不在那里的证据。然而，所有证据都表明身体已经消失，显然不是因暴力的原因。
As Mary lingered by the tomb weeping, Jesus Himself appeared to her (John 20:11–18). It is one thing to see the empty tomb and the empty grave clothes, but quite something else to meet the risen Christ. We today cannot see the evidence in the tomb, but we do have the testimony of the witnesses found in the inspired Word of God. And we can live out our faith in Jesus Christ and know personally that He is alive in us (Gal. 2:20).
当玛丽在墓前哭泣时，耶稣亲自向她显现（约翰福音20：11-18）。看到空坟墓和空洞的布條壽衣又是另一回事，但看到复活的基督却真是這回事。我们今天无法看到坟墓中的证据，但我们确实在上帝启示的话语中找到证人的见证。可以活出我们对耶稣基督的信心，并亲自知道祂在我们里面活着（加拉太书2:20）。
Keep in mind that these women did not expect to see Jesus alive. They had forgotten His resurrection promises and went to the tomb only to finish anointing His body. To say that they had hallucinations and only thought they saw Jesus is to fly in the face of the evidence. And would this many people hallucinate about the same thing at the same time? Not likely. They became excited witnesses, even to their leaders, that Jesus Christ is alive!
请记住，这些女人并不期望耶稣仍活着。她们忘记了祂复活的应许，只想去完成膏祂身体的心願。要说她们有幻觉，只是认为她们看到耶稣要面对证据而飞。那么多人会同时能对同一件事产生幻觉吗？不见得。好们成为興奮激动的见证人，甚至對她们的领袖，耶稣基督仍活着！
2. Discouraged Hearts: He Opens Their Eyes (24:13–35)
2. 气馁的心：祂打开他們的眼睛（24：13-35）
Emmaus was a small village eight miles northwest of Jerusalem. The two men walking from Jerusalem to Emmaus were discouraged disciples who had no reason to be discouraged. They had heard the reports of the women that the tomb was empty and that Jesus was alive, but they did not believe them. They had hoped that Jesus would redeem Israel (Luke 24:21), but their hopes had been shattered. We get the impression that these men were discouraged and disappointed because God did not do what they wanted Him to do. They saw the glory of the kingdom, but they failed to understand the suffering.
以玛忤斯是在耶路撒冷西北八英里的小村庄。从耶路撒冷走到以马忤斯的两个信徒是沮丧的门徒，他们没有理由气馁。他们听到了妇女的报告说坟墓是空的，耶稣还活着，但他们不相信。他们曾希望耶稣能救赎以色列（路加福音24:21），但他们的希望已破碎了。我们得到的印象是，这些人灰心丧气，因为上帝没有做他们想要祂做的事。他们看到了国度的荣耀，但他们没有理解苦难。
Jesus graciously walked with them and listened to their “animated heated conversation” (Luke 24:17 wuest). No doubt they were quoting various Old Testament prophecies and trying to remember what Jesus had taught, but they were unable to put it all together and come up with an explanation that made sense. Was He a failure or a success? Why did He have to die? Was there a future for the nation?
耶稣慷慨地和他们一起走，听他们 “激烈对话”（路加福音24:17）。毫无疑问，他们引用了各种旧约的预言并试图记住耶稣所教导的内容，但是他们无法将所有这些预言放在一起, 總結出有意义的解释。耶穌是失败还是成功？祂为什么要死？以色列国還有未来吗？
There is a touch of humor in Luke 24:19 when Jesus asked, “What things?” He had been at the heart of all that had happened in Jerusalem, and now He was asking them to tell Him what occurred! How patient our Lord is with us as He listens to us tell Him what He already knows (Rom. 8:34). But wemay come “boldly” (“with freedom of speech”) to His throne and pour out our hearts to Him, and He will help us (Ps. 62:8; Heb. 4:16).
路加福音24:19有一丝幽默，耶稣问道：“發生什么事吗？” 祂曾经是耶路撒冷所发生的事的核心，现在祂要求他们告诉祂到底发生了什么事！我们的主对我们有多耐心，因为祂呤听我们告诉祂, 祂已经知道的事（罗马书8:34）。但是，我们可以“大胆地”（“言论自由”）来到祂的宝座前，将我们的心聲倾注在祂的身上，祂会帮助我们（诗篇62：8;希伯来书4:16）。
The longer Cleopas talked, the more he indicted himself and his friend for their unbelief. What more evidence could they want? Witnesses (including apostles) had seen the tomb empty. Angels had announced that Jesus was alive. Witnesses had seen Him alive and heard Him speak. The proof was there!
克流巴说话的时间越长，他就越是自己和他的朋友顯示出他们的不信。他们还想要更多的什麼樣的证据吗？目击者（包括使徒）看到坟墓是空的。天使们宣告耶稣仍活着。目击者看到祂活着并听到祂说话。证据在那里！
“Faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God” (Rom. 10:17 nkjv). This explains why Jesus opened the Word to these two men as the three of them walked to Emmaus. Their real problem was not in their heads but in their hearts (see Luke 24:25, 32; and note v. 38). They could have discussed the subject for days and never arrived at a satisfactory answer. What they needed was a fresh understanding of the Word of God, and Jesus gave that understanding to them. He opened the Scriptures and then opened their eyes, and they realized that Jesus was not only alive but right there with them!
“信心来自于听到，是听到上帝的话”（罗马书10:17新欽定版）。这就是为什么耶稣向他們开启了聖經的話，當他们三个人走向以马忤斯。他们真正的问题不在于他们的头脑，而是在他们的內心（见路加福音24：25,32;注意第38节）。他们本可以讨论這主题好几天，而得不著满意的答案。他们需要的, 是对上帝圣言的新理解，耶稣将这理解賜予他们。祂打开圣经，然后祂打开他們的眼睛，他们意识到耶稣不仅是仍活着，而且与他们在一起！`
What was their basic problem? They did not believe all that the prophets had written about the Messiah. That was the problem with most of the Jews in that day: they saw Messiah as a conquering Redeemer, but they did not see Him as a Suffering Servant. As they read the Old Testament, they saw the glory but not the suffering, the crown but not the cross. The teachers in that day were not unlike some of the “success preachers” today, blind to the total message of the Bible.
他们的基本问题是什么？ 是他们不相信先知所写的有关弥赛亚的一切。这是那時大多数犹太人的问题：他们认为弥赛亚是用武力征服的救赎主，但他们并没有想到却是承受苦难的仆人。当他们阅读旧约时，他们看到的是荣耀，但不是痛苦，而看到冠冕，而沒見到十字架。当時的老师不像現在的 “成功传教士” ，对圣经的整體信息视而不见。
That was some Bible conference, and I wish I could have been there! Imagine the greatest Teacher explaining the greatest themes from the greatest Book and bringing the greatest blessings to men’s lives: eyes open to see Him, hearts open to receive the Word, and lips open to tell others what Jesus said to them!
我甚希望能參與那些圣经会议！試想象，最伟大的老师从最伟大的书中, 解释最伟大的主题，并为人们的生命带来最大的祝福：睁眼看到祂，心灵被祂圣言所觸摸，嘴唇张开向别人見證耶稣对他们所说的话！
Perhaps Jesus started at Genesis 3:15, the first promise of the Redeemer, and traced that promise through the Scriptures. He may have lingered at Genesis 22, which tells of Abraham placing his only beloved son on the altar. Surely He touched on Passover, the Levitical sacrifices, the tabernacle ceremonies, the day of Atonement, the serpent in the wilderness, the Suffering Servant in Isaiah 53, and the prophetic messages of Psalms 22 and 69. The key to understanding the Bible is to see Jesus Christ on every page. He did not teach them only doctrine or prophecy; He taught “the things concerning Himself” (Luke 24:27).
也许耶稣开始于创世记3:15，这首次救赎主的应许，并經由圣经追溯了这应许。祂可能在创世纪22章中徘徊，这經节讲述了亚伯拉罕将他唯一爱的儿子放在祭坛上。顯然，祂触及逾越节，利未的献祭，住棚節慶典，赎罪日，旷野中的蛇，以赛亚书53章中的苦难仆人，以及诗篇22和69的先知信息。要理解圣经, 其关键在讀每页提到耶稣基督的信息。祂没有教导他们只有教义或预言;他教导 “关于祂自己的事”（路加福音24:27）。
These men had talked to Jesus and listened to Jesus, and when He made as though He would go on alone, they asked Jesus to come home with them. They had been won by the Word of God, and they did not even know who the Stranger was. All they knew was that their hearts were “burning” within them, and they wanted the blessing to last.
他們曾与耶稣交谈，并且呤听耶稣说話，当耶穌像似祂要独自離去時，他们請求祂與他們一起回家。他们被上帝的话所充滿，他们甚至不知道這陌生人是谁。他们所知道的只是他们的心在在内裡 “燃烧”，他们希望使得到祝福繼續持续下去。
The more we receive the Word of God, the more we will want to fellowship with the God of the Word. The hymn writer expressed it perfectly: “Beyond the sacred page / I seek Thee, Lord.” Understanding Bible knowledge can lead to a “big head” (1 Cor. 8:1), but receiving Bible truth and walking with the Savior will lead to a burning heart.
我们接受上帝的道越多，我们就越想与祂的道相交。赞美诗作者完美地表达了这一点：“超越神圣的一页/我寻求祢，主啊。” 光理解圣经知识可以导致人 “自高自大”（林前8：1），惟有接受圣经真理并与救主同行, 将导致內心火熱。
Jesus opened the Scriptures to them, and then He opened their eyes so that they recognized Him. Now they knew for themselves that Jesus was alive. They had the evidence of the open tomb, the angels, the witnesses, the Scriptures and now their own personal experience with the Lord. The fact that Jesus vanished did not mean that He abandoned them, for He was with them even though they could not see Him, and they would see Him again.
耶稣為他们打开圣经，然后祂打开了他們的眼睛，他們便认出了祂。现在他们知道耶稣仍活着。他们有空坟墓，天使，见证人，圣经和现在他们与主的亲身经历的证据。耶稣消失的事实并不意味着祂放弃了他们，因为祂和他们在一起，即使他们看不见祂，他们也会再次见到耶穌。
The best evidence that we have understood the Bible and met the living Christ is that we have something exciting to share with others. The two men immediately left Emmaus and returned to Jerusalem to tell the believers that they had met Jesus. But when they arrived, the apostles and the others told them that Jesus was alive and had appeared to Peter! What a difference it would make in our church services if everybody who gathered came to tell about meeting the living Christ! If our services are “dead” it is probably because we are not really walking with and listening to the living Savior.
要理解圣经并遇见活着的基督的最好证据, 就是我们有令人兴奋的信息与別人分享。这两人立刻离开了以马忤斯，回到耶路撒冷，告诉其他的信徒他们遇见了耶稣。但是当他们到达时，使徒和其他的人都告诉他们耶稣仍活着, 并且已向彼得显现！如果所有聚集的人都来讲述与活着的基督相遇，教会的事工就大不相同了！如果我们的事奉是 “死氣沉沉”，那可能是因为我们并没有真正与生命救主同行并倾听祂的話。
The “breaking of bread” (Luke 24:30, 35) refers to a meal and not to the Lord’s Supper. As far as we know, the apostles were the only ones Jesus had instructed about the Lord’s Supper, and it was not likely that our Lord would celebrate it at this time. Jesus revealed Himself to them during a common meal, and that is often how He works. We must learn to see Him in the everyday things of life. However, as we do celebrate the Lord’s Supper from time to time, we want Jesus to reveal Himself to us in a new way, and we must not be satisfied with anything less.
“擘開餅”（路加福音24：30,35）是指的餐饭而不是主的晚餐。据我们所知，使徒是耶稣所指示的关于主的晚餐的唯一的一些人，而且我们的主不可能在此时庆祝它。耶稣現在是與他們共餐中向他们显现自己，这通常是祂的工作方式。我们必须学会在日常生活中看到祂。可是，正如我们常常舉行主的晚餐來庆祝一样，希望耶稣以新的方式向我们显示祂自己，使我们能得满足。
3. Troubled Hearts: He Opens Their Minds (24:36–46)
3. 煩惱的內心：祂开启了他们的頭腦（24：36-46）
So many exciting things had happened that day and so much was unexplained that ten of the apostles, plus other believers, met together that evening and shared their witness with one another. While Cleopas and his friend were telling their story, Jesus Himself appeared in the room! And the doors were shut (John 20:19)!
那天发生了许多令人兴奋的事情，并且无法解释的是，十位使徒和其他信徒在那天晚上聚在一起，彼此分享了他们的见证。当革流巴和他的朋友來到讲述他们的故事时，耶稣亲自出现在房间里！门是关上的（约翰福音20:19）！
You would have expected the believers to heave a great sigh of relief and sing a hymn of praise, but instead they became terrified, frightened, and troubled (Luke 24:37–38). They thought a ghost had appeared! It all happened so suddenly that they were totally unprepared, even though several of them had already seen the risen Christ. Mark 16:14 suggests that the condition of their hearts had something to do with the expression of their fears.
你本以为信徒们会松一口气，唱出一首赞美诗來赞美，但他们却变得害怕，懼怕和困扰（路加福音24：37-38）。他们以为是鬼出现了！这一切都发生得那麼的突然, 以至于他们毫無准备，尽管其中有几个人已经看到了复活的基督。马可福音16:14表明他们內心的状况与他们恐惧的表达有关連。
Jesus sought to calm them. The first thing He did was to give them His blessing: “Peace be unto you!” He even repeated the blessing (John 20:19–21). “The God of peace” had raised Jesus from the dead, and there was nothing for them to fear (Heb. 13:20–21). Because of His sacrifice on the cross, men and women could now have peace with God (Rom. 5:1) and enjoy the peace of God (Phil. 4:6–7).
耶稣试图平息他们。首先, 祂给他们祂的祝福：“平安归於你們！” 祂甚至重复數次的祝福（约翰福音20：19-21）。 “和平的上帝” 使耶稣从死里复活，他们没有什么可以怕的（希伯来书13：20-21）。由于祂在十字架上的牺牲，人人现在都可以与上帝和好（罗马书5：1）并享受上帝的平安（腓4：6-7）。
The next thing He did to calm them was to show them His wounded hands and feet (Ps. 22:16) and assure them that He was not a ghost. Songwriters sometimes mention His “scars,” but the record says nothing about “scars.” The “prints” of Calvary were on His glorified body (John 20:24–29), and they are still there (Rev. 5:6, 9, 12). It has well been said that the only work of man now in heaven is the marks of Calvary on the body of the exalted Savior.
其次, 祂就向他们顯示祂受伤的手和脚（诗篇22:16）并向他们保证祂不是鬼。歌曲作者有时会提到祂的 “伤疤”，但在聖經记載中并没有提到 “伤疤”。加略山的 “印記” 在祂荣耀的身上（约翰福音20：24-29），他们仍在那里（启示录5：6， 9,12）。人说目前在天上唯一的作工的人就是身上有骷髅地的 “印记”, 被高舉的救主。
Jesus even ate some honey and fish to prove to His doubting followers that He was indeed alive and real, and He even invited them to feel His body (Luke 24:39; 1 John 1:1). With our limited knowledge, we cannot explain how a human body can be solid flesh and bones and still pass through closed doors and appear and disappear, or how it can be glorified and still carry the marks of the cross. We do know that we shall one day be like Him and share His glory (1 John 3:1–2).
耶稣甚至當時吃了一些蜂蜜和鱼，向怀疑祂的追随者证明祂确实仍活着和实存的，祂甚至邀请他们去觸摸祂的身体（路加福音24:39;约翰一书1：1）。以我们有限的知识，是无法解释人体如何能够仍有坚实的肉体和骨骼，并且能通过关闭的门, 并出现和消失，或者祂如何被榮耀, 却仍然带著十字架的 “印記”。我们知道有一天我们会像祂一样，分享祂的荣耀（约翰一书3：1-2）。
Luke 24:41 describes a perplexing emotion: “they believed not for joy.” It was just too good to be true! Jacob had this same feeling when he got the news that Joseph was alive (Gen. 45:26–28), and the nation of Israel experienced it when God gave them a great deliverance (Ps. 126:1–3). Jesus had told His disciples that they would rejoice when they saw Him again, and the promise was fulfilled (John 16:22).
路加福音24:41描述了令人困惑的情绪：“他们喜乐得不敢相信。” 这真是好得令人難以相信是真的！当雅各得到约瑟还活着的消息时（创世纪45：26-28），以色列民在上帝的赐给他们大大拯救的时候, 经历了同樣的感觉（诗篇126：1-3）。耶稣曾告诉祂的门徒，当他们再次见到祂时，他们会高兴，并且应许會得到兌現（约翰福音16:22）。
The final source of peace and assurance is the Word of God, so our Lord “opened their understanding” of the Old Testament Scriptures, just as He had done with the Emmaus disciples. After all, the believers were not being sent into the world to share their own personal experiences but to share the truths of the Word of God. We today cannot touch and feel the Lord Jesus, nor is it necessary that we do so, but we can rest our faith on the Word of God (1 John 1:1–5).
和平与確據的最终来源是上帝的话语，所以我们的主 “开启了他们理解” 旧约圣经的頭腦，就像祂对向马忤斯去的路上的兩位门徒一样。毕竟，信徒们還没有被派到这世界去分享他们自己的个人经历，而只是分享上帝圣言的真理。我们今天不能触摸和感受到主耶稣，也没有這個必要，但我们能把信心建立在上帝的话上（约翰一书1：1-5）。
Jesus not only enabled them to understand the law, the prophets, and the psalms, but He also reminded them of what He had taught them, and He explained how it all fit together. Now they began to understand the necessity for His suffering and death and how the cross related to the promise of the kingdom (see 1 Peter 1:10–12). What a privilege it was for them to listen to Jesus expound the Word!
耶稣不仅使他们能够理解律法，先知和诗篇，而且还提醒他们他所教导的是什么，并且他解释了这一切是如何融合在一起的。现在他们开始明白他受苦和死亡的必要性以及十字架如何与王国的应许相关（见彼得前书1：10-12）。他们聆听耶稣是多么的特权，阐述了这个道！
4. Joyful Hearts: He Opens Their Lips (24:47–53)
4.快乐的心：他张开嘴唇（24：47-53）
But privilege always brings responsibility; they were to be witnesses of all that He had said and done (Acts 1:8). A witness is somebody who sincerely tells what he has seen and heard (Acts 4:20), and the word witness is used in one way or another twenty-nine times in the book of Acts. As Christians, we are not judges or prosecuting attorneys sent to condemn the world. We are witnesses who point to Jesus Christ and tell lost sinners how to be saved.
但特权总是带来责任;他们要见证他所说和所做的一切（使徒行传1：8）。证人是真诚地讲述他所见所闻的人（使徒行传4:20），并且在使徒行传中，证人这个词在某种程度上以某种方式使用了二十九次。作为基督徒，我们不是法官或起诉谴责世界的律师。我们是指向耶稣基督并告诉失丧的罪人如何得救的见证人。
How could a group of common people ever hope to fulfill that kind of a commission? God promised to provide the power (Luke 24:49; Acts 1:8), and He did. On the day of Pentecost, the Holy Spirit came upon the church and empowered them to preach the Word (Acts 2). After Pentecost, the Spirit continued to fill them with great power (see Acts 4:33).
一群普通人怎么会希望实现这种委员会？上帝应许提供能力（路加福音24:49;使徒行传1：8），并且他做了。在五旬节那天，圣灵临到教会，使他们能够传讲圣经（使徒行传2章）。在五旬节之后，圣灵继续充满力量（见使徒行传4:33）。
Witnessing is not something that we do for the Lord; it is something that He does through us, if we are filled with the Holy Spirit. There is a great difference between a “sales talk” and a Spirit-empowered witness. “People do not come to Christ at the end of an argument,” said Vance Havner. “Simon Peter came to Jesus because Andrew went after him with a testimony.” We go forth in the authority of His name, in the power of His spirit, heralding His gospel of His grace.
见证不是我们为主所做的事;如果我们被圣灵充满，那就是他通过我们所做的事。 “销售谈话”和精神赋权的证人之间有很大的不同。 “人们在辩论结束时不会来到基督面前，”万斯哈弗纳说。 “西门彼得来到耶稣那里，因为安德鲁带着见证跟随他。”我们借着他的名的权柄，凭着他的灵的力量，宣扬他的恩典的福音。
Luke 24:50–52 should be compared with Mark 16:19–20 and Acts 1:9–12. For some reason, our Lord’s ascension is not given the prominence in the church that it deserves. Think of what it meant to Him to return to heaven and sit on the throne of glory (John 17:5, 11)! His ascension is proof that He has conquered every enemy and that He reigns supremely “far above all” (Eph. 1:18–23).
应将路加福音24：50-52与马可福音16：19-20和使徒行传1：9-12进行比较。出于某种原因，我们的主的提升并没有在教会中得到应有的突出。想想他回到天堂并坐在荣耀的宝座上意味着什么（约翰福音17：5,11）！他的提升证明了他已经征服了每一个敌人，并且他统治着“远远超过一切”（以弗所书1：18-23）。
In heaven today, our Lord ministers as our High Priest (Heb. 7:25) and our Advocate (1 John 2:1). As High Priest, He gives us the grace we need to face testing and temptation (Heb. 4:14–16); and if we fail, as Advocate He forgives and restores us when we confess our sins (1 John 1:6–10). As the glorified Head of the church, Jesus Christ is equipping His people to live for Him and serve Him in this present world (Eph. 4:7–16; Heb. 13:20–21). Through the Word of God and prayer, He is ministering to us by His Spirit and making us more like Himself.
在今天的天堂，我们的主侍奉我们的大祭司（希伯来书7:25）和我们的代言人（约翰一书2：1）。作为大祭司，他赐给我们面对考验和试探所需要的恩典（希伯来书4：14-16）;如果我们失败了，作为辩护律师，当我们承认自己的罪时，他会宽恕并恢复我们（约翰一书1：6-10）。作为荣耀的教会领袖，耶稣基督正在装备他的子民为他而活，并在现今的世界中为他服务（以弗所书4：7-16;希伯来书13：20-21）。通过上帝的话语和祷告，他借着圣灵服侍我们，使我们更像他自己。
Of course, He is also preparing in heaven a home for His people (John 14:1–6), and one day He will return and take us to be with Him forever.
当然，他也在天上为他的子民做准备（约翰福音14：1-6），有一天他会回来带我们永远与他同在。
The last thing our Lord did was to bless His people, and the first thing they did was to worship Him! The two always go together, for as we truly worship Him, He will share His blessings. He not only opened their lips to witness, but He also opened their lips to worship and praise Him!
我们的主所做的最后一件事就是祝福他的子民，他们所做的第一件事就是敬拜他！两个人总是在一起，因为我们真正敬拜他，他将分享他的祝福。他不仅张开嘴唇见证，而且还张开嘴来敬拜并赞美他！
Dr. Luke opened his gospel with a scene in the temple (Luke 1:8ff.), and he closed his gospel the same way (Luke 24:53). But what a contrast between the unbelieving, silent priest and the trusting, joyful saints! Luke has explained how Jesus went to Jerusalem and accomplished the work of redemption. His book begins and ends in Jerusalem. But his next book, The Acts of the Apostles, would explain how that gospel traveled from Jerusalem to Rome!
卢克博士在圣殿里开了一个场景（路加福音1：8ff），并以同样的方式关闭了他的福音（路加福音24:53）。但是，不信的，沉默的牧师和信赖的，快乐的圣徒之间形成了鲜明的对比！路加已经解释了耶稣如何去耶路撒冷并完成了救赎的工作。他的书在耶路撒冷开始和结束。但是他的下一本书“使徒行传”将解释福音从耶路撒冷传到罗马的过程！
Is the gospel going out to the ends of the earth from your Jerusalem?
福音是从耶路撒冷传到地极吗？
