908 英翻中 (608) 11/12/2024
CHAPTER
NINE THE SUPERIOR
SACRIFICE Hebrews 10
第九課 完美的獻祭 希伯來書 10
A teenage boy, whose mother was away on a visit, found himself with
time on his hands. He decided to read a book from the family library. His
mother was a devout Christian, so the boy knew there would be a sermon at the
beginning and an application at the end of the book, but there would also be
some interesting stories in between.
未成年的小孩的母親外出探訪，他發現有多時間可用。決定從家中圖書館拿書述讀。他的母親是虔誠的基督徒，所以小孩知道那本書會有開頭的佈道，和應用在結尾，中間會是一些有趣的故事。
While
reading the book, he came across the phrase “the finished work of Christ.” It
struck him with unusual power. “The finished work of Christ.”
小孩在閱讀這本書時，偶然發現書中寫“基督完成了祂的作為”這句子。該句子以不同尋常的力量衝擊他。 “基督完成了祂的作為。”
“Why
does the author use this expression?” he asked himself. “Why not say the
atoning or the propitiatory work of Christ?” (You see, he knew all the biblical
terms. He just did not know the Savior!) Then the words “It is finished”
flashed into his mind, and he realized afresh that the work of salvation was
accomplished.
小孩問自己，“希伯來書的作者為什麼使用這詞？ 為什麼不說基督贖罪或成為挽回祭呢？” （你看，他知道所有的聖經術語。他只是不認識救主！）然後“完成了”這三個字詞在他的腦海中閃過，他重新意識到救恩的工作 “完成了”。
“If the
whole work was finished and the whole debt paid, what is there left for me to
do?” He knew the answer and fell to his knees to receive the Savior and full
forgiveness of sins. That is how J. Hudson
“若所有的事工祂都完成了，所有的債務祂都還清了，我還能做什麼？”他知道答案，並立刻跪下接受救主，和祂對他罪的完全赦免。追就是中國內地會的創始人戴得生(J. Hudson Taylor) 得救的見證。
The
tenth chapter of Hebrews emphasizes the perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ, in
contrast with the imperfect sacrifices that were offered under the old
covenant. Our Lord’s superior priesthood belongs to a better order—Melchizedek’s
and not Aaron’s. It functions on the basis of a better covenant—the new
covenant—and in a better sanctuary, in heaven. But all of this depends on the
better sacrifice, which is the theme of this chapter.
在希伯來書第十章強調耶穌基督在新盟約所作完美的獻祭，並以其與舊盟約的不完美獻祭作對比。我們主的至高祭司職分屬於更美祭司的等次 ---
麥基洗德的等次，而不是亞倫的。它以更美的約 --- 新盟約 --- 以及在天堂裡更美的聖所為基礎運作。但這一切都取決於更美的獻祭，這是本章的主題。
The
writer presented three benefits that explain why the sacrifice of Jesus Christ
is superior to the old covenant sacrifices.
作者為了解釋為什麼耶穌基督的獻祭優於舊盟約的獻祭，因而提出了三點說明。
1. Christ’s Sacrifice
Takes Away Sin (10:1–10)
1. 基督的獻祭可以除去罪（10:1-10）
Sin, of
course, is man’s greatest problem. No matter what kind of religion a man has,
if it cannot deal with sin, it is of no value. By nature, man is a sinner, and
by choice, he proves that his nature is sinful. It has well been said, “We are
not sinners because we sin. We sin because we are sinners.”
當然，罪是人類最大的問題。不管人有什麼樣的宗教信仰，如果不能對付罪，就沒有任何價值。就人的本性而言，他是罪人，並且通過選擇，也證明他的本性是有罪的。有句話說得好，“我們不是罪人，因為我們犯罪。我們犯罪是因為我們是罪人。”
The
need for a better sacrifice (vv. 1–4). Why were the old covenant sacrifices
inferior? After all, they were ordained by the Lord, and they were in force for
hundreds of years. While it is true that at times the Jewish people permitted
these sacrifices to become empty rituals (Isa.
需要更美的獻祭（1-4 節）。為什麼舊盟約的獻祭是次一等的？ 它畢竟也是主所命定的，並且其效力延續數百年。 雖然有時猶太人確實允許，這些獻祭成為空洞的禮儀（以賽亞書 1:11-15），但確實有許多真誠的人，將他們的獻祭物，獻給上帝並得到祝福。
The
very nature of the old covenant sacrifices made them inferior. The law was only
“a shadow of good things to come” and not the reality itself. The sacrificial
system was a type or picture of the work our Lord would accomplish on the
cross. This meant that the system was temporary, and therefore could accomplish
nothing permanent. The very repetition of the sacrifices day after day, and the
day of Atonement year after year, pointed out the entire system’s weakness.
舊盟約獻祭本質是使他們低人一等。律法只是“未來美事的影兒”，而不是實存的本身。獻祭系統是我們的主將在十字架上完成祂作為的預表或影像。這意味著該系統是暫時的，因此無法完成任何永久性的工作。日復一日地重復獻祭，年復一年的重復贖罪日的獻祭，正是指出了整個系統的微弱點。
Animal
sacrifices could never completely deal with human guilt. God did promise
forgiveness to believing worshippers (Lev.
動物獻祭永遠無法完全消除人的罪。上帝確實應許對信徒的寬恕（利未記 4:20, 26, 31, 35），但這是司法上表面的寬恕，而不能除去人內心受罪的譴責。人缺乏完全和最終的寬恕的內在見證。他們不能聲稱，“我不再受罪的良心譴責。”如果那些敬拜者曾經 “有過一次 ‘從罪惡的譴責中’ 的清除”，他們就再也不必獻祭。
So the
annual day of Atonement did not accomplish “remission of sin” but only
“reminder of sin.” The annual repetition of the ceremony was evidence that the
previous year’s sacrifices had not done the job. True, the nation’s sins were
covered, but they were not cleansed. Nor did the people have God’s inward
witness of forgiveness and acceptance.
所以一年一度的贖罪日並沒有完成“罪的赦免”，而只是“提醒人有罪”。每年重複的儀式證明前一年的獻祭並沒有完成赦罪之功效。的確，國家的罪被遮蓋了，但沒有得到潔淨。人也沒有上帝對他罪的寬恕和接納的內在見證。
Yes,
there was a desperate need for a better sacrifice because the blood of bulls
and of goats could not take away sins. It could cover sin and postpone judgment,
but it could never effect a once-and-for-all redemption. Only the better
sacrifice of the Son of God could do that.
是的，因為公牛和山羊的血不能除去罪，所以迫切需要更美的獻祭。它可以掩蓋罪惡並推遲審判，但它永遠無法實現一勞永逸的救贖。只有上帝兒子更美的獻祭才能做到這一點。
The
provision of the better sacrifice (vv. 5–9). It was God who provided the
sacrifice and not man. The quotation is from Psalm 40:6–8, and it is applied to
Jesus Christ in His incarnation (“when He cometh into the
world”). The quotation makes it clear that Jesus Christ is the fulfillment of
the old covenant sacrifices.
耶穌是更美的獻祭（5-9 節）。獻祭物是上帝所提供的，而不是人。引自詩篇 40篇6-8節，適用於道成肉身的耶穌基督（“祂來到世上時”）。所引的經文清楚地表明耶穌基督是舊盟約獻祭物的應驗。
The
word sacrifice refers to any of the animal sacrifices. Offering covers the meal
offerings and the drink offerings. The burnt offering and sin offering are mentioned
(Heb. 10:5, 8). The trespass offering would be covered in the word sacrifice
(Heb. 10:5). Each of these offerings typified the sacrifice of Christ and
revealed some aspect of His work on the cross (see Lev. 1—7).
“獻祭” 是指任何動物的流血犧牲。獻祭包括素祭和澆奠祭。書中也提到燔祭和贖罪祭（希伯來書 10:5、8）。贖愆祭包含在獻祭之內（希伯來書 10:5）。每一個這樣的獻祭都預表基督的獻祭，並揭示了祂在十字架上作為的某些方面（見 利未記 1-7）。
The
phrase, “a body hast thou prepared me” (Heb. 10:5), is not found in the
original quotation. Psalm 40:6 reads, “mine ears hast thou opened.” The writer
of Hebrews was quoting from the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old
Testament. How do we explain this variation? Some connect “mine ears hast thou
opened” with Exodus 21:1–6, a passage that describes the actions of a master
whose servant did not want to be set free. The master bored a hole through the
earlobe of the servant, which was a sign that the servant preferred to remain
with his master. The idea is that our Lord was like a willing servant who had
His ears bored.
“祢曾為我預備了身體”（希伯來書 10:5）這句引用的聖言在原文中找不到。引用經文
---詩篇 40篇6節是如此記載，“祢已經開通我的耳朵。”希伯來書的作者引用舊約聖經的希臘語譯本《七十士譯本》。我們如何來解釋它們的不同？ 有些人將“你已經開通我的耳朵”與出埃及記 21章1-6等節聯繫起來，這段經文描述主人想釋放他的奴隸的善行，但他的僕人不想被釋放。主人則在僕人的耳上鑽了一個洞，這表明僕人自願意留在他的主人身邊。我們的主就像心甘情願做為僕人的祂，故在祂的耳上鑽了一個洞，讓耳開通。
The
problem with that explanation is that only one ear was bored, while the verse
(Ps. 40:6) speaks of both ears. Furthermore, the verb used in Exodus 21 means
“to pierce,” while the verb in Psalm 40:6 means “to dig.” Our Lord was a
servant, but it is not likely that the writer had this in mind. Probably
“opened ears” signified a readiness to hear and obey the will of God (see Isa.
50:4–6). God gave His Son a prepared body that the Son might serve God and
fulfill His will on earth. Our Lord often referred to this truth (John
這種解釋的問題在於只有一隻耳朵鑽一個洞，而這節經文（詩篇 40:6）卻說到了兩隻耳朵。此外，出埃及記 21 章使用的動詞意思是“刺破”，而詩篇 40:6 中的動詞意思是“挖”。我們的主是僕人，但作者不可能想到這一點。可能“耳朵打開”表示願意聆聽並順從上帝的旨意（見 以賽亞書 50：4-6）。上帝賜給祂兒子預備好的身體，使兒子可以事奉上帝，並在地上實現祂的旨意。我們的主經常提到這個真理（約翰福音 4:34；5:30；6:38；17:4）。
Of
course, the same Holy Spirit who inspired Psalm 40 has the right to amplify and
interpret His Word in Hebrews 10. “Opened ears” indicates a body ready for
service.
當然，啟發詩篇 40 的這同一位聖靈，有權擴大和解釋希伯來書 10 中祂的話語。“耳朵打開”表示身體準備好作獻祭物。
Twice
in this paragraph, the writer stated that God “had no pleasure” in the old
covenant sacrifices (see Heb. 10:6, 8). This does not suggest that the old
sacrifices were wrong, or that sincere worshippers received no benefit from
obeying God’s law. It only means that God had no delight in sacrifices as such,
apart from the obedient hearts of the worshippers. No amount of sacrifices
could substitute for obedience (1 Sam.
在本段中，作者曾兩次提及，上帝“不喜歡”舊盟約的獻祭（見 希伯來書 10:6、8）。這並不是說，舊的獻祭有什麼錯誤，或者真誠的敬拜者，以遵守上帝的律法，不會從中得到任何好處。這只是說，除了敬拜者順服的心之外，上帝並不喜歡其他的獻祭。再多的祭品也無法代替順服（撒母耳記上 15:22，詩篇 51:16-17；賽 1:11, 19；耶 6:19-20；何西阿 6:6；阿摩司書 5： 20-21）。
Jesus
came to do the Father’s will. This will is the new covenant that has replaced
the old covenant. Through His death and resurrection, Jesus Christ has taken
away the first covenant and established the second. The readers of this epistle
called Hebrews would get the message: why go back to a covenant that has been
taken away? Why go back to sacrifices that are inferior?
耶穌來是要遵行天父的旨意。這旨意是用新盟約取代舊盟約。耶穌基督藉由祂的死和復活，取消了第一個盟約，建立了第二個盟約。這封信取名為希伯來書的意義，是要讀者會得到這信息的回應：為什麼要回到已經被遺棄的盟約呢？ 為什麼要回到次等的獻祭？
The
effectiveness of the better sacrifice (v. 10). Believers have been set apart
(“sanctified”) by the offering of Christ’s body once for all. No old covenant
sacrifice could do that. An old covenant worshipper had to be purified from
ceremonial defilement repeatedly. But a new covenant saint is set apart finally
and completely.
更美獻祭的功效（第 10 節）。信徒因一次永遠獻上基督的身體，而與祂分別為聖（“成聖”）。任何舊盟約避獻祭都無法做到這點。舊約崇拜者必須反复淨化禮儀上的污穢。但新盟約聖徒最終徹底地分別為聖。
2. Christ’s Sacrifice Need Not Be Repeated (
2. 基督的獻祭是只有一次，不需要重複（10:11-18）
Again
the writer contrasted the old covenant high priest with Jesus Christ, our Great
High Priest. The fact that Jesus sat down after He ascended to the Father is
proof that His work was completed (Heb. 1:3, 13; 8:1). The ministry of the
priests in the tabernacle and temple was never done and never different: they
offered the same sacrifices day after day. This constant repetition was proof
that their sacrifices did not take away sins. What tens of thousands of animal
sacrifices could not accomplish, Jesus accomplished with one sacrifice forever!
作者再次將舊盟約大祭司與我們的大祭司耶穌基督進行對比。耶穌升天后，坐在天父右邊的事實，證明祂的作為完成了（希伯來書 1:3、13；8:1）。祭司在會幕和聖殿中的事工永遠沒有做完過，也永遠一樣：他們日復一日地獻上同樣的祭物。這種不斷的重複，證明了他們的獻祭不能除去罪。數以萬計的動物獻祭無法完成的事，耶穌只以一次獻祭就完成了！
The
phrase “sat down” refers us again to Psalm 110:1: “Sit thou at my right hand,
until I make thine enemies thy footstool.” Christ is in the place of exaltation
and victory. When He returns, He shall overcome every enemy and establish His
righteous kingdom. Those who have trusted Him need not fear, for they have been
“perfected forever” (Heb.
“坐下”一詞再次引向詩篇 110篇1節：“你坐在我的右邊，等我使祢的仇敵成為祢的腳凳。”基督在被高舉和得勝的位置。當祂再來時，將戰勝一切仇敵，建立祂公義的國度。那些信靠祂的人不必害怕，因為他們已經“永遠完全成聖”（希伯來書 10:14）。信徒“在祂裡面得了豐盛”（哥羅西書 2:10）。由於耶穌基督完成了祂的作為，使我們在上帝面前擁有完美的地位。
How do
we know personally that we have this perfect standing before God? Because of
the witness of the Holy Spirit through the Word (Heb.
我們個人如何知道，在上帝面前我們擁有這樣的完美？ 因為聖靈藉著祂話語作見證（希伯來書 10:15-18）。聖靈的見證是基於聖子的作為，是藉由聖經的話。作者引用了耶利米書 31章33-34等節（希伯來書 10:16-17），他在希伯來書 8章7-12等節中也引用過這一段話的一部分。舊盟約崇拜者不能說他“不再有罪的譴責”（希伯來書 10:2）。但新盟約信徒可以這樣說，他的罪和過犯不再被記念。 “不再有為贖罪的獻祭”（希伯來書 10:18），罪也不再被記念！
I once
shared a conference with a fine Christian psychiatrist whose lectures were very
true to the Word. “The trouble with psychiatry,” he told me, “is that it can
only deal with symptoms. A psychiatrist can remove a patient’s feelings of guilt,
but he cannot remove the guilt. It’s like a trucker loosening a fender on his
truck so he won’t hear the motor knock. A patient can end up feeling better,
but have two problems instead of one!”
我曾經在一個會議中，與一位優秀的基督教精神病學家的演講中分享，他的演講非常符合聖經。他告訴我，“精神病學的問題是只能處理症狀。精神科醫生可以消除患者的對罪的內疚感，但他無法除去罪。這就像卡車司機鬆開卡車上的擋泥板，這樣他就不會聽到馬達的敲擊聲。病人最終會感覺好些，但這是把兩個問題合而為一個！”
When a
sinner trusts Christ, his sins are all forgiven, the guilt is gone, and the
matter is completely settled forever.
當罪人信靠基督時，他的罪就都赦免了，罪形就消失，這件事就永遠徹底解決。
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