64直接引述和间接引述 (二)

    英语语法进深──博客

 64直接引述(Direct Speech) 和间接引述(Reported Speech) (二)                       3/6/2014

 在直接引述的句里, 原文字句一个字也不能改动, 括号内的文字应该视为神圣不可侵犯的.  第一个单词必须大写; 如有字句省略了, 必须用删节号 (dotted line) 标明, 以尊重原作者.

间接的引述句中, 我们可就不必有这种一字不可更改的限制, 当然要按照真实的意义把代名词的人称和动词的时制都改了过来.  但也有些特殊的例子是例外的, 说明如下:

      1.)  直接引述是表示真理时，间接引述内的动词不变.

            例如,    
                     The teacher said,  "The earth goes round the sun ."
                     The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.  (注: 地球绕日而转是真理.)

            又如,   

                     Mr. Lee said, “The earth is round.”
                      Mr. Lee said that the earth was round.  (说话的人仅仅复述李先生的话; 
                              至于地球是不是圆的, 不干他的事, 那就要改变句内动词.)
                      Mr. Lee said that the earth is round.  (说话的人不但复述李先生 的话; 他对
                              地球是不是圆的, 有他的意见──是真理.)

      2.)  直接引述中有明确表示过时制的副词时，在间接引述中其动词不变.
            例如,     He said to me, "I was born in 1973."  
                          He told me that he was born in 1973.  
  
      3.)  直接引述所述之事为实际状况.   在间接引述句内其动词不应改变.
             例如,     He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
                          He said that he is a boy , not a girl.

             又如,    Mr. Wang said, “ I can come.”

                           Mr. Wang said that he could come.  (说话的人只是复述黄先生的话,
                                     到底他真来与不来说话的人不负什么责任. )
                          Mr. Wang said that he can come.     (说话的人复述黄先生的话, 肯定相
                                     信他能来, 当为一件事实.)

      4.)  直接引述显示是习惯动作, 其间接引述句中的动词不变.

              例如,     The girl said, "I get up at six every morning ."
               The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

 习题二十八

         仔细研读下列附属子句中动词时制之用法, 并试言所以用此时制之理由 :

1.  He just told me that he can come tonight.

2.  He told me that you are bankrupt.
3.  Mr. Wu declared that he, too, was a revolutionist.
4.  They asked him if he was a communist, and he said "No."
5.  It was requested that the murderer be handed over to the Chinese authorities.
6.  He was allowed to stay at home with the condition that he report at the police
     headquarters  every  morning.

前讲(3/6/2014帖出)提到直接引述是疑问句子时, 改成间接引述, 其附属子句的引进连词不是  “that” 而是“whether”(或“if”)等等. 其实, 还有些名词问句, 我们往往不是真正提出一句问话, 而只是重复叙述一句问话, 主语和动词的顺序不必像在普通问句那么样地颠倒.

       例如,  He asked me why I came late. 

今列表示明一些用其它的疑问词who, why, what, where, …..引进间接问句的例子:

                        直接问句                                            间接问句

What did he say?                                 I didn't hear what he said.

            What shall I do?                                   The student asked what he should do.
            Who are you?                                      I know who you are.
            Where is he?                                        I don't know where he is.
             Why didn't he come?                           The teacher asked why he didn't come.
 
习题二十九 : 
       以下列成语及名词子句造句

  1. Ask whether.

  2. I don "t know if.
  3. I don’t see how.
  4. Go and see if.
  5. Can’t understand why.
  6. He can’t remember when.
  7. Don’t know why.
  8. Who has broken the window.
  9.  If the rain has stopped.
  10.  If dinner is ready.

习题三十 :

     假想你从远方回来遇到你的朋友约翰, 他问你下列的问题. 

   1. How are you?

   2. Where have you been?
   3. How long have you been back?
   4. What are you doing now?
   5. Where are you living?
   6. Why did you come back?
   7. Are you glad to be back?
   8. Do you have any plans to go away again?

现在你要告诉另外一位朋友关于约翰问你的问题.  用间接引述.

   1. He asked me how I was.                范例

   2. He asked me where I had been.      范例
   3. He ＿＿＿ .　
   4. ＿＿＿ .
   5. ＿＿＿ .
   6. ＿＿＿ .
   7. ＿＿＿ .
   8. ＿＿＿ .