Tuesday, February 24, 2026

510 英翻中 第9課 THE SUPERIOR SACRIFICE 完美的獻祭 24/02/2026

510 英翻中 第9課                 THE SUPERIOR SACRIFICE                完美的獻祭         24/02/2026


引言
 
希伯来书,是基督徒在患难试炼中,在软弱退后时,应该凭信心认真阅读的书卷。希伯来书写成的阶段,是初代教会在信仰与灵性上面对艰难的阶段,那些跟过主耶稣、信仰坚定、生命成熟、教义稳固的使徒,在这个时候,大多数已经殉道安息主怀,教会从使徒时代的初期复兴进入到持续受逼迫、信仰转入冷淡的阶段。当时,有人对主再来的应许产生怀疑,有人要回到旧有的犹太教信仰,有人贪恋世俗故意犯罪,有人在苦难试炼中开始退后……就是在这种情况下,神将希伯来书赐给教会,来勉励、安慰和坚固祂儿女的心灵,叫儿女的目光,定睛在那位成就救恩,已经升入高天、尊荣的大祭司身上。
 
按照希伯来书的结构,8:1-10:18这个大段落中,作者所讲述的是这位大祭司的工作:祂的献祭,献祭的必要性与独特性。祂是如何献祭的?祂献上了什么?祂献祭的果效是什么?而10:1-18节,正是这一大段神学论证的高峰。
 
经文(希伯来书10:1-18)1 律法既是将来美事的影儿,不是本物的真像,总不能借着每年常献一样的祭物,叫那近前来的人得以完全。2 若不然,献祭的事岂不早已止住了吗?因为礼拜的人,良心既被洁净,就不再觉得有罪了。3 但这些祭物是叫人每年想起罪来。4 因为公牛和山羊的血,断不能除罪。5 所以基督到世上来的时候,就说﹕“神啊,祭物和礼物是你不愿意的,你曾给我预备了身体。6 燔祭和赎罪祭是你不喜欢的。7 那时我说:‘神啊,我来了,为要照你的旨意行。我的事在经卷上已经记载了。’”8 以上说﹕“祭物和礼物,燔祭和赎罪祭,是你不愿意的,也是你不喜欢的”(这都是按着律法献的),9 后又说,“我来了为要照你的旨意行”。可见他是除去在先的,为要立定在后的。10 我们凭这旨意,靠耶稣基督只一次献上祂的身体,就得以成圣。11 凡祭司天天站着事奉神,屡次献上一样的祭物。这祭物永不能除罪。12 但基督献了一次永远的赎罪祭,就在神的右边坐下了。13 从此等候祂仇敌成了祂的脚凳。14 因为祂一次献祭,便叫那得以成圣的人永远完全。15 圣灵也对我们作见证。因为祂既已说过,16 “主说,那些日子以后,我与他们所立的约乃是这样。我要将我的律法写在他们心上,又要放在他们的里面。”17 以后就说,“我不再记念他们的罪愆,和他们的过犯。”18 这些罪过既已赦免,就不用再为罪献祭了。
 
大纲:
 
一、旧约献祭不能除罪(1-4)
二、照神旨意基督献上自己的身体(5-10)
三、基督一次献祭永远有效(11-14)
四、圣灵的见证:罪得赦免(15-17)
五、结论:十架之后再无赎罪祭(18)
 
一、旧约献祭不能除罪(1-4)
 
1. 律法既是将来美事的影儿,不是本物的真像,总不能借着每年常献一样的祭物,叫那近前来的人得以完全。
 8:4-5已经出现过这样的论述:亚伦等次的祭司,即那些“照律法献礼物的祭司”,他们只是仿照着“天上之事”(τῶν ἐπουρανίων)在事奉;天上的事是实体,而他们的事奉是“形状和影像”(ὑποδείγµατι καὶ σκιᾷ)。作者以摩西建会幕为例,说明那些“照律法献礼物的祭司”的献祭方式,如同摩西照着在山上蒙神指示的“样式”造会幕一样,是一种忠实的模仿。在这一节,作者从“照着律法献礼物”说到“律法(ὁνόµος)本身 这节经文可直译作:因为律法只是拥有将来美事的影子,不是实的形象自身(所以)每年重复地献同样的祭物,断不能叫近前来(献祭)的人得以完全。                                                                                                                                       “影儿”(Σκιὰν):实体所投射的影子,8:5节译作“影像”。律法虽然包含了完整的献祭体系,但那些东西都只是“将来美事”(基督十字架的献祭及其意义)所投射在律法中的“影子”。“影子”的功用是,使人知道实体存在着,并期待实体的到来。

 
“本物的真像”(αὐτὴν τὴν εἰκόνα τῶν πραγµάτων):直译作“那些事物的形象自身”,指反映事物本质的形象、外貌或外形。律法不是这样的“本物的真像”。
 
2 若不然,献祭的事岂不早已止住了吗? 因为礼拜的人,良心既被洁净,就不再觉得有罪了。
 
本节上半节是个反问句:如果“借着每年常献一样的祭物,(能够)叫那近前来的人得以完全”的话,献祭的事岂不早已止住了吗?事实上,按律法献祭的祭司,仍然不得不“每年常献一样的祭物”(即牛羊的血)。如果律法能使人得以完全,对已经被洁净的献祭者(礼拜的人)来说,就不会再有有罪的良心了。事实上,他们并未因献祭得着灵魂与良心的洁净。
 
3 但这些祭物是叫人每年想起罪来。
 
“每年常献一样的祭物”,虽然不能“叫那近前来的人得以完全”,但这些祭物以及献祭的行动,却可以“叫人每年想起罪来”。律法是叫人知罪,律法下的献祭是叫人想起罪。
 
4 因为公牛和山羊的血,断不能除罪。
 
这一节是1-4节的结论。“不能”(ἀδύνατον)被置于本节开头,强调“公牛和山羊的血”因其功用(礼仪层面的用途),和本质(没有洗罪或除罪的能力),而不能彻底解决人的罪。“除(罪)”(ἀφαιρεῖν:ἀφαιρέω 的现在式主动态不定词):拿去,挪走。用以说明牛羊的血所“不能”的是什么。
 
二、基督照神旨意献上身体(5-10)
 
5 所以基督到世上来的时候,就说﹕“神啊,祭物和礼物是你不愿意的,你曾给我预备了身体。6 燔祭和赎罪祭是你不喜欢的。7 那时我说:‘神啊,我来了,为要照你的旨意行。我的事在经卷上已经记载了。’ ”
在希伯来书中,新的要代替旧的,“影儿”要引出“本物的真像”,是作者反复论证的主题。如第9章,当作者说过“这些事连那饮食和诸般洗濯的规矩,都不过是属肉体的条例,命定到振兴的时候为止”(第10节)之后,读者便立即看到了这样一个新的景象——“但现在基督已经来到,作了将来美事的大祭司,经过那更大更全备的帐幕,不是人手所造,也不是属乎这世界的。并且不用山羊和牛犊的血,乃用自己的血,只一次进入圣所,成了永远赎罪的事。”(11-12节)
 
当用“公牛和山羊的血,断不能除罪”这句话为旧体系做了总结之后,我们看到“新约”最核心的内容被揭示出来了。这个核心内容要回答的问题是:既然“公牛和山羊的血”这种照着“属肉体的条例”而献的祭物“断不能除罪”,那么,什么样的祭物可以除罪?——当然,从前面的经文中我们也可以看到部分答案,但在这一段经文(5-18)中,我们得到的答案则更深入,更完整。
 
第5节开头的“所以”(Διὸ),表明接下来的论述,与前面所说过的话,逻辑关系十分紧密。
 
“基督到世上来的时候,就说”(εἰσερχόµενος εἰς τὸν κόσµον λέγει):直译作“当到世上来的时候,祂说”。原文中没有“基督”二字,但这位“到世上……说(话)”的“祂”,毫无疑问是指基督。
 
“(祂)到(世上)来”:指耶稣基督的道成肉身,降世为人。“(祂)说”(λέγει:λέγω 的现在式主动态陈述语气第三人称单数):没有时间意义,带着预言的功效,这是反映永恒性客观真理的“(祂)说”。
 
“祂说”的内容,是引自诗篇40:6-8。但希伯来书作者的引文不是直接引自希伯来文的旧约,而是引自旧约圣经的希腊文译本“七十士译本”。希伯来书的作者引用这些经文,证明耶稣基督到世上来的目的,就是要完成父神的旨意。“七十士译本”虽然将希伯来文旧约中“你已经开通我的耳朵”,意译为“你曾给我预备了身体”(σῶµα δὲ κατηρτίσω µοι),但圣灵感动希伯来书的作者采用“预备身体”的说法,必有深远的属灵意图。如果说“开通耳朵”是基督听命与顺服的记号,那么“预备身体”就是在说基督十字架上的流血舍命了。

 
请注意,在说到按律法所献的祭物和礼物、燔祭和赎罪祭时,这段经文中用了“你不愿意”(οὐκ ἠθέλησας)和“你不喜欢”(οὐκ εὐδόκησας)两种说法。旧约里那么多的燔祭、赎罪祭、祭物、礼物,都是照着神律法的要求来献的,为什么圣经在此处说这些都是神所“不愿意”、“不喜欢”的呢?
 
因为律法意义上的献祭,并不是神旨意的本质,也不是神旨意的中心。人间的大祭司所“供奉的事,本是天上事的形状和影像”(来8:5);律法意义上的献祭,不过是在预表和见证基督的十字架。所以,“不愿意”、“不喜欢”这两个短语用在这里,是要从另外一个角度,将神所愿意、所喜悦的“旨意”凸显出来。
 
神旨意的中心就是:祂的儿子必须降世为人,在十字架上献为赎罪祭。所以希伯来书10:7这样说:“那时我说:‘神啊,我来了,为要照你的旨意行。我的事在经卷上已经记载了。’”——我们的主耶稣基督,在最恰当的时间里来到世上,要以自己的身体代替一切的祭物和礼物,代替一切的燔祭和赎罪祭,因此祂说,“我来了,为要照你的旨意行。”
 为了了解希伯来书10:7的意义,读者可以把这句话 Ἰδοὺ ἥκω…τοῦ ποιῆσαι, ὁ θεός, τὸ θέληµά σου(看哪!我来了,为要照你的旨意行),与主祷文中的“愿你的旨意行在地上,如同行在天上”(γενηθήτω τὸ θέληµά σου),及主在客西马尼园中主耶稣的祷告“愿你的意旨成就”(γενηθήτω τὸ θέληµά σου),对照阅读与默想。“你的旨意”在三处经文中,原文都是τὸ θέληµά σου,而这个“旨意”都是指基督十字架上的赎罪之死。
 
8 以上说﹕“祭物和礼物,燔祭和赎罪祭,是你不愿意的,也是你不喜欢的”(这都是按着律法献的),9 后又说,“我来了为要照你的旨意行。”可见祂是除去在先的,为要立定在后的。“照你的旨意行”意思是“我要叫你的旨意成就”。“除去在先的”,指祭物和礼物,燔祭和赎罪祭。目的是“立定在后的”,即成就神的旨意.  10 我们凭这旨意,靠耶稣基督只一次献上祂的身体,就得以成圣。
  
神的旨意,就是叫祂的儿子成为赎罪祭;我们凭着这旨意,借着基督一次献上自己的身体(这是神为祂预备身体的目的),就得以成圣。“成圣”(ἡγιασµένοι 的完成式被动态分词阳性主格复数):圣灵借着基督的一次献上,在我们身上完成了圣化的工作,使我们有了成圣的地位。我们之所以被称为圣徒正是因为基督十字架上的献祭。
 
三、基督一次献祭永远有效(10:11–14)
 
11 凡祭司天天站着事奉神,屡次献上一样的祭物。这祭物永不能除罪。
 “凡祭司天天站着事奉神”:“站着”是一个完成式动词,强调一直保持站着的姿势,持续地“事奉”(现在式动词),强调事奉的动作在持续地进行中。因为旧约的会幕和院子里都没有椅子,祭司是不能坐下来休息的。这句话是希伯来书作者根据旧约对祭司每日(出29:38;民28:3)、持续地站立献祭(申10:8的“侍立”即“站立”)的状况所作出的总结,以比较第12节中基督的“坐下”。祭司的事奉,就是“屡次献上一样的祭物”,表明他们的“事奉”是重复性的,重复地献上同样的祭物,昨天是牛羊,今天是牛羊,明天还是牛羊。这同样的“祭物”也有一个共同的特征,就是“永不能除罪”。
 12 但基督献了一次永远的赎罪祭,就在神的右边坐下了。
和前一节形成了对比﹕旧约的祭司天天“站着”献祭、事奉神,但基督只献了一次永远的赎罪祭,就在父的右边“坐下”了。基督能够“坐下”,是因为祂在十字架上的救赎大功已经成就。旧约祭司永远无法完成的工作,基督一次献上就完全成就了。“永远”(εἰς τὸ διηνεκὲς):是指着这“一次”献祭的永远有效性说的。13 从此等候祂仇敌成了祂的脚凳。这次基督“坐下”之后,就开始了“等候”——“等候祂仇敌成了祂的脚凳”。原来1章13节已经引过这句话(“所有的天使,神从来对哪一个说,‘你坐在我的右边,等我使你仇敌作你的脚凳。’”),表明这节经文所预言的,基督之所以超越天使,是因为唯有祂能够获得十字架上的得胜,以及得胜后所要看见的结果。“脚凳”的意义在于:对仇敌的彻底征服,使战败者俯伏在胜利者脚下,以及神国度的末世性胜利。“仇敌”一词为复数,指撒但以及那些跟随撒但、与神为敌的人。基督是教会(身体)的元首,元首的得胜,也是身体的得胜。教会是拥有基督得胜之能力的属灵团契,因此今日的教会要为自己的软弱与失败彻底悔改。14 因为祂一次献祭,便叫那得以成圣的人永远完全。这是对10:1的回应。那里说:“律法既是将来美事的影儿,不是本物的真像,总不能借着每年常献一样的祭物,叫那近前来的人得以完全。”但这里说,因为耶稣“一次献祭”,我们这些得以成圣的人,有了“完全”成圣的保障。十字架不但是我们成圣的基础,也是使我们完全成圣的保障和动力。

“永远完全”(τετελείωκεν εἰς τὸ διηνεκὲς):直译作“完全以至于永远”。“完全”是现在完成式主动态陈述语气第三人称单数,意思是,基督的一次献祭,已经使我们“完全”了。而且这个“完全”的有效性是“永远的”。“(以至于)永远”(εἰς τὸ διηνεκὲς)这个介词短语,在本章中出现了3次(1,12,14节)。作者用此强调基督赎罪的永远有效性。

“成圣”ἁγιαζοµένους:ἁγιάζω 的现在式被动态分词阳性直接受格复数):被圣化,使成为圣洁。 前面带直接受格复数定冠词τοὺς(the),指正在成圣的人。“成圣的人”是前面的完成式动词“完全”的直接宾语。虽然“成圣的人”仍在成圣的过程中,但就其圣徒之地位而言,已经因基督一次献上自己的身体,而得以“完全”了。

四、圣灵的见证:罪得赦免(15-17)

 15 圣灵也对我们作见证。因为祂既已说过,16 “主说,那些日子以后,我与他们所立的约乃是这样。我要将我的律法写在他们心上,又要放在他们的里面。”17 以后就说,“我不再记念他们的罪愆,和他们的过犯。”注意,15节开头,作者把他引用神借先知耶利米所说的话,看作是“圣灵也对我们作见证”(Μαρτυρεῖ δὲ ἡµῖν καὶ τὸ πνεῦµα τὸ ἅγιον)。“见证”(现在式主动态陈述语气第三人称单数)一词表明,那位当日借先知说话的圣灵,现在也持续地“对我们作见证”。作者的意思是,他所引用的诗篇和先知的讲论,都是受了“圣灵对我们作见证”的影响。他在第3章引用诗篇时,已经表明那是圣灵在说话(3:7)。会幕的预表意义,也是由圣灵来“指明”的(9:8)。   

结论

18 这些罪过既已赦免,就不用再为罪献祭了。这句话的意思是,耶稣基督一次献上自己的身体(10,12,14节),就彻底解决了罪的问题,神的子民的罪过也被赦免,“就不用再为罪献祭了”。                                                                                                         希伯来书10:1-18所传递的信息告诉我们:

(1)律法的献祭不能除罪(10:1–4);

(2)基督照神旨意一次献上了自己的身体(10:5–10);
(3)基督一次献祭永远有效(10:11–14);
(4)圣灵见证新约完全赦罪(10:15–17);
(5)因此,不再需要为罪献祭(10:18)。

当基督一次永远的献祭完成后,旧约献祭制度就一次而永远地终结了。第18节是一个完美的神学定论。
 
律法献祭不能除罪的事实,告诉我们,任何外在的宗教形式,礼仪上的献祭,都不能取代真实的信心,律法不能叫人称义,惟有因信称义。今天的教会,很容易把“外在”当作“内在”,将“形式”当作“信心”,但律法献祭的历史提醒我们:外在的宗教行为不能真正洁净良心。今日信徒或许会用过宗教生活,或多做事奉,来逃避悔改,而不是因生命更新而献上自己为“活祭”。我们必须切记,旧约中持续的献祭,只是证明人的持续地犯罪,这种状况是无法以外在的献祭来终止的,因此罪人需要终极性的救赎,这就是为什么神必须差遣祂的儿子降世为人,在十字架上献了一次而永远的赎罪祭。
 
作为神用祂儿子的宝血所买赎的神的儿女,我们应该思想,基督十字架上救赎的果效,当如何在我的生命中彰显。基督已经为我们献上自己的身体,我们当然要献上自己的身体为主而活。既然基督一次献祭永远有效,我们就当明白,只要我们的生命与基督一同藏在神里面(西3:3),我们就可以活出圣洁,活出永生。我们就会建立起一个完整的基督徒人生观:不再是我,乃是基督;不再靠我,乃靠基督,不再为我,乃为基督。我之所以如此活着,乃是因着基督十字架舍命之爱的激励(参林后5:14-15)。
 


CHAPTER NINE THE SUPERIOR SACRIFICE Hebrews 10 
第九課 完美的獻祭    希伯來書 10
 

A teenage boy, whose mother was away on a visit, found himself with time on his hands. He decided to read a book from the family library. His mother was a devout Christian, so the boy knew there would be a sermon at the beginning and an application at the end of the book, but there would also be some interesting stories in between. 
未成年的小孩的母親外出探訪,他發現有多時間可用。決定從家中圖書館拿書來讀。他的母親是虔誠的基督徒,所以小孩知道那本書會有開頭的佈道,和應用在結尾,中間會是一些有趣的故事。

While reading the book, he came across the phrase “the finished work of Christ.” It struck him with unusual power. “The finished work of Christ.”                                                                                          小孩在閱讀這本書時,偶然發現書中寫  “基督完成了祂的作為”  這句子。該句子以不同尋常的力量衝擊他。 “基督完成了祂的作為。”

“Why does the author use this expression?” he asked himself. “Why not say the atoning or the propitiatory work of Christ?” (You see, he knew all the biblical terms. He just did not know the Savior!) Then the words “It is finished” flashed into his mind, and he realized afresh that the work of salvation was accomplished. 
小孩問自己,“希伯來書的作者為什麼使用這詞?  為什麼不說基督贖罪或成為挽回祭呢?” (你看,他知道所有的聖經術語。他只是不認識救主!)然後“完成了”這三個字詞在他的腦海中閃過,他重新意識到救恩的工作 “完成了”。

“If the whole work was finished and the whole debt paid, what is there left for me to do?” He knew the answer and fell to his knees to receive the Savior and full forgiveness of sins. That is how J. Hudson Taylor, founder of the China Inland Mission (now OMF [Overseas Missionary Fellowship] International), was saved. 
“若所有的事工祂都完成了,所有的債務祂都還清了,我還能做什麼?” 他知道答案,並立刻跪下接受救主,和祂對他罪的完全赦免。這就是中國內地會的創始人戴得生(J. Hudson Taylor) 得救的見證。

The tenth chapter of Hebrews emphasizes the perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ, in contrast with the imperfect sacrifices that were offered under the old covenant. Our Lord’s superior priesthood belongs to a better order—Melchizedek’s and not Aaron’s. It functions on the basis of a better covenant—the new covenant—and in a better sanctuary, in heaven. But all of this depends on the better sacrifice, which is the theme of this chapter. 
在希伯來書第十章強調耶穌基督在新盟約所作完美的獻祭,並以其與舊盟約的不完美獻祭作對比。我們主的至高祭司職分屬於更美祭司的等次  --- 麥基洗德的等次,而不是亞倫的。它以更美的約 --- 新盟約 --- 以及在天堂裡更美的聖所為基礎運作。但這一切都取決於更美的獻祭,這是本章的主題。

The writer presented three benefits that explain why the sacrifice of Jesus Christ is superior to the old covenant sacrifices.                                                                                                                                      作者為了解釋為什麼耶穌基督的獻祭優於舊盟約的獻祭,因而提出了三點說明。

1.  Christ’s Sacrifice Takes Away Sin (10:1–10) 
1.  基督的獻祭可以除去罪(10:1-10)

Sin, of course, is man’s greatest problem. No matter what kind of religion a man has, if it cannot deal with sin, it is of no value. By nature, man is a sinner, and by choice, he proves that his nature is sinful. It has well been said, “We are not sinners because we sin. We sin because we are sinners.” 
當然,罪是人類最大的問題。不管人有什麼樣的宗教信仰,如果不能對付罪,就沒有任何價值。就人的本性而言,他是罪人,並且通過選擇,也證明他的本性是有罪的。有句話說得好,“我們不是罪人,因為我們犯罪。我們犯罪是因為我們是罪人。 

The need for a better sacrifice (vv. 1–4). Why were the old covenant sacrifices inferior? After all, they were ordained by the Lord, and they were in force for hundreds of years. While it is true that at times the Jewish people permitted these sacrifices to become empty rituals (Isa. 1:11–15), it is also true that many sincere people brought their offerings to God and were blessed. 
需要更美的獻祭(1-4 節)。為什麼舊盟約的獻祭是次一等的?  它畢竟也是主所命定的,並且其效力延續數百年。 雖然有時猶太人確實允許,這些獻祭成為空洞的禮儀(以賽亞書 1:11-15),但確實有許多真誠的人,將他們的獻祭物,獻給上帝並得到祝福。

The very nature of the old covenant sacrifices made them inferior. The law was only “a shadow of good things to come” and not the reality itself. The sacrificial system was a type or picture of the work our Lord would accomplish on the cross. This meant that the system was temporary, and therefore could accomplish nothing permanent. The very repetition of the sacrifices day after day, and the day of Atonement year after year, pointed out the entire system’s weakness. 
舊盟約獻祭本質是使他們低人一等。律法只是“未來美事的影兒”,而不是實存的本身。獻祭系統是我們的主將在十字架上完成祂作為的預表或影像。這意味著該系統是暫時的,因此無法完成任何永久性的工作。日復一日地重復獻祭,年復一年的重復贖罪日的獻祭,正是指出了整個系統的微弱點。

Animal sacrifices could never completely deal with human guilt. God did promise forgiveness to believing worshippers (Lev. 4:20, 26, 31, 35), but this was a judicial forgiveness and not the removal of guilt from people’s hearts. People lacked that inward witness of full and final forgiveness. They could not claim, “I have no more consciousness of sins.” If those worshippers had been “once purged [from guilt of sin]” they would never again have had to offer another sacrifice. 
動物獻祭永遠無法完全消除人的罪。上帝確實應許對信徒的寬恕(利未記  4:20, 26, 31, 35),但這是司法上表面的寬恕,而不能除去人內心受罪的譴責。人缺乏完全和最終的寬恕的內在見證。他們不能聲稱,“我不再受罪的良心譴責。”如果那些敬拜者曾經  “有過一次  ‘從罪惡的譴責中’ 的清除”,他們就再也不必獻祭。

So the annual day of Atonement did not accomplish “remission of sin” but only “reminder of sin.” The annual repetition of the ceremony was evidence that the previous year’s sacrifices had not done the job. True, the nation’s sins were covered, but they were not cleansed. Nor did the people have God’s inward witness of forgiveness and acceptance. 
所以一年一度的贖罪日並沒有完成“罪的赦免”,而只是“提醒人有罪”。每年重複的儀式證明前一年的獻祭並沒有完成赦罪之功效。的確,國家的罪被遮蓋了,但沒有得到潔淨。人也沒有上帝對他罪的寬恕和接納的內在見證。

Yes, there was a desperate need for a better sacrifice because the blood of bulls and of goats could not take away sins. It could cover sin and postpone judgment, but it could never effect a once-and-for-all redemption. Only the better sacrifice of the Son of God could do that. 
是的,因為公牛和山羊的血不能除去罪,所以迫切需要更美的獻祭。它可以掩蓋罪惡並推遲審判,但它永遠無法實現一勞永逸的救贖。只有上帝兒子更美的獻祭才能做到這一點。

The provision of the better sacrifice (vv. 5–9). It was God who provided the sacrifice and not man. The quotation is from Psalm 40:6–8, and it is applied to Jesus Christ in His incarnation (“when He cometh into the world”). The quotation makes it clear that Jesus Christ is the fulfillment of the old covenant sacrifices                                                                                                                                                      耶穌是更美的獻祭(5-9 節)。獻祭物是上帝所提供的,而不是人。引自詩篇 40篇6-8節,適用於道成肉身的耶穌基督(“祂來到世上時”)。所引的經文清楚地表明耶穌基督是舊盟約獻祭物的應驗。

The word sacrifice refers to any of the animal sacrifices. Offering covers the meal offerings and the drink offerings. The burnt offering and sin offering are mentioned (Heb. 10:5, 8). The trespass offering would be covered in the word sacrifice (Heb. 10:5). Each of these offerings typified the sacrifice of Christ and revealed some aspect of His work on the cross (see Lev. 1—7). 
“獻祭” 是指任何動物的流血犧牲。獻祭包括素祭和澆奠祭。書中也提到燔祭和贖罪祭(希伯來書 10:5、8)。贖愆祭包含在獻祭之內(希伯來書  10:5)。每一個這樣的獻祭都預表基督的獻祭,並揭示了祂在十字架上作為的某些方面(見  利未記  1-7)。

The phrase, “a body hast thou prepared me” (Heb. 10:5), is not found in the original quotation. Psalm 40:6 reads, “mine ears hast thou opened.” The writer of Hebrews was quoting from the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament. How do we explain this variation? Some connect “mine ears hast thou opened” with Exodus 21:1–6, a passage that describes the actions of a master whose servant did not want to be set free. The master bored a hole through the earlobe of the servant, which was a sign that the servant preferred to remain with his master. The idea is that our Lord was like a willing servant who had His ears bored.                                                                                                                           “祢曾為我預備了身體”(希伯來書  10:5)這句引用的聖言在原文中找不到。引用經文詩篇 40篇6節是如此記載,“祢已經開通我的耳朵。”希伯來書的作者引用舊約聖經的希臘語譯本《七十士譯本》。我們如何來解釋它們的不同? 有些人將“你已經開通我的耳朵”與出埃及記 21章1-6等節聯繫起來,這段經文描述主人想釋放他的奴隸的善行,但他的僕人不想被釋放。主人則在僕人的耳上鑽了一個洞,這表明僕人自願意留在他的主人身邊。我們的主就像心甘情願做為僕人的祂,故在祂的耳上鑽了一個洞,讓耳開通。

The problem with that explanation is that only one ear was bored, while the verse (Ps. 40:6) speaks of both ears. Furthermore, the verb used in Exodus 21 means “to pierce,” while the verb in Psalm 40:6 means “to dig.” Our Lord was a servant, but it is not likely that the writer had this in mind. Probably “opened ears” signified a readiness to hear and obey the will of God (see Isa. 50:4–6). God gave His Son a prepared body that the Son might serve God and fulfill His will on earth. Our Lord often referred to this truth (John 4:34; 5:30; 6:38; 17:4). 
這種解釋的問題在於只有一隻耳朵鑽一個洞,而這節經文(詩篇 40:6)卻說到了兩隻耳朵。此外,出埃及記 21 章使用的動詞意思是“刺破”,而詩篇 40:6 中的動詞意思是“挖”。我們的主是僕人,但作者不可能想到這一點。可能“耳朵打開”表示願意聆聽並順從上帝的旨意(見  以賽亞書 50:4-6)。上帝賜給祂兒子預備好的身體,使兒子可以事奉上帝,並在地上實現祂的旨意。我們的主經常提到這個真理(約翰福音 4:34;5:30;6:38;17:4)。

Of course, the same Holy Spirit who inspired Psalm 40 has the right to amplify and interpret His Word in Hebrews 10. “Opened ears” indicates a body ready for service.                                                           當然,啟發詩篇 40 的這同一位聖靈,有權擴大和解釋希伯來書 10 中祂的話語。“耳朵打開”表示身體準備好作獻祭物。

Twice in this paragraph, the writer stated that God “had no pleasure” in the old covenant sacrifices (see Heb. 10:6, 8). This does not suggest that the old sacrifices were wrong, or that sincere worshippers received no benefit from obeying God’s law. It only means that God had no delight in sacrifices as such, apart from the obedient hearts of the worshippers. No amount of sacrifices could substitute for obedience (1 Sam. 15:22, Ps. 51:16–17; Isa. 1:11, 19; Jer. 6:19–20; Hos. 6:6; Amos 5:20–21).                在本段中,作者曾兩次提及,上帝“不喜歡”舊盟約的獻祭(見  希伯來書 10:6、8)。這說,舊的獻祭有什麼錯誤,或者真誠的敬拜者,以遵守上帝的律法,不會從中得到任何好處。這只是說,除了敬拜者順服的心之外,上帝並不喜歡其他的獻祭。再多的祭品也無法代替順服(撒母耳記上  15:22,詩篇  51:16-17;賽  1:11, 19;耶  6:19-20;何西阿  6:6;阿摩司書 5: 20-21)。

Jesus came to do the Father’s will. This will is the new covenant that has replaced the old covenant. Through His death and resurrection, Jesus Christ has taken away the first covenant and established the second. The readers of this epistle called Hebrews would get the message: why go back to a covenant that has been taken away? Why go back to sacrifices that are inferior?                                                        耶穌來是要遵行天父的旨意。這旨意是用新盟約取代舊盟約。耶穌基督藉由祂的死和復活,取消了第一個盟約,建立了第二個盟約。這封信取名為希伯來書的意義,是要讀者會得到這信息的回應:為什麼要回到已經被遺棄的盟約呢? 為什麼要回到次等的獻祭?

The effectiveness of the better sacrifice (v. 10). Believers have been set apart (“sanctified”) by the offering of Christ’s body once for all. No old covenant sacrifice could do that. An old covenant worshipper had to be purified from ceremonial defilement repeatedly. But a new covenant saint is set apart finally and completely.                                                                                                                     更美獻祭的功效(第 10 節)。信徒因一次永遠獻上基督的身體,而與祂分別為聖(“成聖”)。任何舊盟約避獻祭都無法做到這點。舊約崇拜者必須反复淨化禮儀上的污穢。但新盟約聖徒最終徹底地分別為聖。

2.  Christ’s Sacrifice Need Not Be Repeated (10:11–18) 
2.  基督的獻祭是只有一次,不需要重複(10:11-18)

Again the writer contrasted the old covenant high priest with Jesus Christ, our Great High Priest. The fact that Jesus sat down after He ascended to the Father is proof that His work was completed (Heb. 1:3, 13; 8:1). The ministry of the priests in the tabernacle and temple was never done and never different: they offered the same sacrifices day after day. This constant repetition was proof that their sacrifices did not take away sins. What tens of thousands of animal sacrifices could not accomplish, Jesus accomplished with one sacrifice forever! 
作者再次將舊盟約大祭司與我們的大祭司耶穌基督進行對比。耶穌升天后,坐在天父右邊的事實,證明祂的作為完成了(希伯來書  1:3、13;8:1)。祭司在會幕和聖殿中的事工永遠沒有做完過,也永遠一樣:他們日復一日地獻上同樣的祭物。這種不斷的重複,證明了他們的獻祭不能除去罪。數以萬計的動物獻祭無法完成的事,耶穌只以一次獻祭就完成了!

The phrase “sat down” refers us again to Psalm 110:1: “Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.” Christ is in the place of exaltation and victory. When He returns, He shall overcome every enemy and establish His righteous kingdom. Those who have trusted Him need not fear, for they have been “perfected forever” (Heb. 10:14). Believers are “complete in Him” (Col. 2:10). We have a perfect standing before God because of the finished work of Jesus Christ.                                                                                                                                                            “坐下”一詞再次引向詩篇 110篇1節:“你坐在我的右邊,等我使祢的仇敵成為祢的腳凳。”基督在被高舉和得勝的位置。當祂再來時,將戰勝一切仇敵,建立祂公義的國度。那些信靠祂的人不必害怕,因為他們已經“永遠完全成聖”(希伯來書  10:14)。信徒“在祂裡面得了豐盛”(哥羅西書  2:10)。由於耶穌基督完成了祂的作為,使我們在上帝面前擁有完美的地位。

How do we know personally that we have this perfect standing before God? Because of the witness of the Holy Spirit through the Word (Heb. 10:15–18). The witness of the Spirit is based on the work of the Son and is given through the words of Scripture. The writer (Heb. 10:16–17) quoted Jeremiah 31:33–34, part of a passage he’d also quoted in Hebrews 8:7–12. The old covenant worshipper could not say that he had “no more consciousness of sins” (Heb. 10:2). But the new covenant believer can say that his sins and iniquities are remembered no more. There is “no more offering for sin” (Heb. 10:18) and no more remembrance of sin! 
我們個人如何知道,在上帝面前我們擁有這樣的完美? 因為聖靈藉著祂話語作見證(希伯來書  10:15-18)。聖靈的見證是基於聖子的作為,是藉由聖經的話。作者引用了耶利米書 31章33-34等節(希伯來書 10:16-17),他在希伯來書 8章7-12等節中也引用過這一段話的一部分。舊盟約崇拜者不能說他“不再有罪的譴責”(希伯來書 10:2)。但新盟約信徒可以這樣說,他的罪和過犯不再被記念。 “不再有為贖罪的獻祭”(希伯來書 10:18),罪也不再被記念!

I once shared a conference with a fine Christian psychiatrist whose lectures were very true to the Word. “The trouble with psychiatry,” he told me, “is that it can only deal with symptoms. A psychiatrist can remove a patient’s feelings of guilt, but he cannot remove the guilt. It’s like a trucker loosening a fender on his truck so he won’t hear the motor knock. A patient can end up feeling better, but have two problems instead of one!” 
我曾經在一個會議中,與一位優秀的基督教精神病學家的演講中分享,他的演講非常符合聖經。他告訴我,“精神病學的問題是只能處理症狀。精神科醫生可以消除患者的對罪的內疚感,但他無法除去罪。這就像卡車司機鬆開卡車上的擋泥板,這樣他就不會聽到馬達的敲擊聲。病人最終會感覺好些,但這是把兩個問題合而為一個!”

When a sinner trusts Christ, his sins are all forgiven, the guilt is gone, and the matter is completely settled forever. 
當罪人信靠基督時,他的罪就都赦免了,罪形就消失,這件事就永遠徹底解決。

3.  Christ’s Sacrifice Opens the Way to God (10:19–39) 
3.  基督的獻祭開通往上帝那裡去的道路(10:19-39)

No old covenant worshipper would have been bold enough to try to enter the Holy of Holies in the tabernacle. Even the high priest entered the Holy of Holies only once a year. The thick veil that separated the holy place from the Holy of Holies was a barrier between people and God. Only the death of Christ could tear that veil (Mark 15:38) and open the way into the heavenly sanctuary where God dwells. 
沒有任何舊盟約崇拜者,會大膽嘗試進入會幕中的至聖所。即使是大祭司,每年也只有一次進入至聖所。將聖所與至聖所隔開的厚厚的幔子,是人與上帝之間的屏障。只有基督的死才能將它撕裂開為兩半(馬可福音 15:38),開通往上帝居住的天上聖所的道路。

A gracious invitation (vv. 19–25). “Let us draw near.… Let us hold fast.… Let us consider one another.” This threefold invitation hinges on our boldness to enter into the holiest. And this boldness (“freedom of speech”) rests on the finished work of the Savior. On the day of Atonement, the high priest could not enter the Holy of Holies unless he had the blood of the sacrifice (Heb. 9:7). But our entrance into God’s presence is not because of an animal’s blood, but because of Christ’s shed blood. 
恩典的邀請(19-25 等節)。 “讓我們靠近……讓我們緊緊抓住……讓我們彼此相顧。”這三重的邀請取決於我們進入至聖所的勇氣。而這種勇氣(“言論自由”)取決於救主完成的作為。在贖罪日,大祭司除非有獻祭的血,否則不能進入至聖所(希伯來書 9:7)。但是我們進入至聖所與上帝同在,不是因為動物的血,而是因為流的是基督的寶血。

This open way into God’s presence is “new” (recent, fresh) and not a part of the old covenant that “waxeth [grows] old [and] is ready to vanish away” (Heb. 8:13). It is “living” because Christ “ever liveth to make intercession” for us (Heb. 7:25). Christ is the new and living way! We come to God through Him, our High Priest over the house of God (the church, see Heb. 3:6). When His flesh was torn on the cross, and His life sacrificed, God tore the veil in the temple. This symbolized the new and living way now opened for all who believe. 
這條通往上帝居所的路是“新的”(最近的,新發現的),而不是舊盟約的一部分,因為舊盟約“硬化  ‘變’ 老  ‘並且’ 快要歸屬於無有”(希伯來書8:13)。因為基督“永遠活著,為我們代求”,是“永遠活的”,(希伯來書  7:25)。基督是新生命的道路!我們通過他來到上帝面前,祂是我們聖殿的大祭司(教會,見  希伯來書 3:6)。當耶穌基督的肉在十字架上被撕裂,祂的生命犧牲時,上帝撕裂了聖殿的幔子。這象徵著現在,為所有相信的人開通了又新又活到上帝寶座的道路。

On the basis of these assurances—that we have boldness to enter because we have a living High Priest—we have an “open invitation” to enter the presence of God. The old covenant high priest visited the Holy of Holies once a year, but we are invited to dwell in the presence of God every moment of each day. What a tremendous privilege! Consider what is involved in this threefold invitation. 
基於這些保證 --- 我們勇敢進入,因為有一位活著的大祭司 --- 在為我們作“公開邀請”進入上帝的寶座面前。舊盟約的大祭司每年拜訪至聖所一次,但我們每天每時每刻都邀請進入上帝的面前。多麼偉大的榮幸!考慮一下這三重邀請所涉及的內容。

Let us draw near (v. 22). Of course, we must prepare ourselves spiritually to fellowship with God. The Old Testament priest had to go through various washings and the applying of blood on the day of Atonement (Lev. 16). Also, during the regular daily ministry, the priests had to wash at the laver before they entered the holy place (Ex. 30:18–21). The New Testament Christian must come to God with a pure heart and a clean conscience. Fellowship with God demands purity (1 John 1:5—2:2). 
讓我們進前親近(第 22 節)。當然,必須在靈性上我們要準備好與上帝相交。舊盟約的祭司在贖罪日必須經過各種洗禮和抹血(利未記  16 章)。此外,在日常事奉中,祭司們在進入聖地之前必須在洗濯盆前潔淨(出埃及記  30:18-21)。新盟約的基督徒必須以純潔的心和清潔的良心來到上帝面前。與上帝相交需要純潔(約翰一書  1:5—2:2)。

Let us hold fast (v. 23). The readers of this epistle were being tempted to forsake their confession of Jesus Christ by going back to the old covenant worship. The writer did not exhort them to hold on to their salvation, because their security was in Christ and not in themselves (Heb. 7:25). Rather, he invited them to hold fast “the profession [confession] of … hope.” (There is no manuscript evidence for the word faith. The Greek word is hope.) 
讓我們堅守(第 23 節)。書信的讀者被引誘回到舊盟約敬拜,從而有放棄對耶穌基督的認罪。作者並沒有勸勉他們堅守自己的救恩,因為他們的得救是在基督裡,而不是在他們自己(希伯來書  7:25)。相反,他邀請他們堅持  “認罪  ‘懺悔’…..盼望 ”。 (沒有手稿證明信心這個詞。希臘詞是盼望。)

We have noted in our study of Hebrews that there is an emphasis on the glorious hope of the believer. God is “bringing many sons unto glory” (Heb. 2:10). Believers are “partakers of the heavenly calling” (Heb. 3:1) and therefore can rejoice in hope (Heb. 3:6). Hope is one of the main themes of Hebrews 6 (vv. 11–12, 18–20). We are looking for Christ to return (Heb. 9:28), and we are seeking that city that is yet to come (Heb. 13:14). 
在研究希伯來書時,我們注意到作者是在強調信徒榮耀的盼望。上帝正在“帶許多兒子進入榮耀”(希伯來書  2:10)。信徒是“有份於天上的呼召”(希伯來書  3:1),因此可以在盼望中歡喜(希伯來書 3:6)。盼望是希伯來書第 6 章(11-12、18-20 節)的主題之一。我們正在等待基督再來(希伯來書 9:28),我們正在尋找那尚未到來的城(希伯來書  13:14)。

When a believer has his hope fixed on Christ and relies on the faithfulness of God, then he will not waver. Instead of looking back (as the Jews so often did), we should look ahead to the coming of the Lord. 
當一個信徒把盼望寄託在基督身上,依靠上帝的信實時,他就不會動搖。我們不應該回頭看(就像猶太人經常做的那樣),而應該向前看主的再來。

Let us consider one another (vv. 24–25). Fellowship with God must never become selfish. We must also fellowship with other Christians in the local assembly. Apparently, some of the wavering believers had been absenting themselves from the church fellowship. It is interesting to note that the emphasis here is not on what a believer gets from the assembly, but rather on what he can contribute to the assembly. Faithfulness in church attendance encourages others and provokes them to love and good works. One of the strong motives for faithfulness is the soon coming of Jesus Christ. In fact, the only other place the word translated “assembling” (Heb. 10:25) is used in the New Testament is in 2 Thessalonians 2:1, where it’s translated “gathering” and deals with the coming of Christ. 
讓我們彼此相顧(24-25兩 節)。與上帝的團契絕不能帶有自私。我們還必須與當地集會中的其他基督徒相交。顯然,一些搖擺不定的信徒,停止慣了教會的聚會。有趣的是,這裡的重點不是信徒從聚會中得到什麼,而是他可以為聚會做出什麼貢獻。忠心去教堂聚會能鼓勵他人,並激發他們去愛和行善。信實的強烈動機之一是耶穌基督的即將再來。事實上,新約聖經中唯一使用的翻譯是“聚集”(希伯來書  10:25)的地方是在帖撒羅尼迦後書 2章1節中,翻譯為“聚集”並迎接基督的來臨。

The three great Christian virtues are evidenced here: faith (Heb. 10:22), hope (Heb. 10:23), and love (Heb. 10:24). They are the fruit of our fellowship with God in His heavenly sanctuary. 
基督信仰的三大信念:信(來 10:22)、望(來 10:23)和愛(來 10:24)在這裡得到了證明。它們是在天上的聖所中,我們與上帝相交的果子。

A solemn exhortation (vv. 26–31). This is the fourth of the five exhortations found in Hebrews. It is written to believers and follows in sequence with the other exhortations. The believer who begins to drift from the Word (Heb. 2:1–4) will soon start to doubt the Word (Heb. 3:7–4:13). Soon, he will become dull toward the Word (Heb. 5:11—6:20) and become “lazy” in his spiritual life. This will result in despising the Word, which is the theme of this exhortation. 
嚴肅的勸勉(26-31 等節)。這是在希伯來書五項勸勉中的第四項。它是寫給信徒的,並與其他勸勉按順序緊隨其後。開始偏離上帝話的信徒(希伯來書  2:1-4),很快就會開始懷疑上帝的話(希伯來書   3:7-4:13)。他很快就會對聖言變得遲鈍(來希伯來書   5:11-6:20),並且在他的屬靈生活中變得“懶惰”。這將導致藐視聖言,而這正是本勸勉的主題。

The evidence of this “despising” is willful sin. The tense of the verb indicates that Hebrews 10:26 should read, “For if we willfully go on sinning.” This exhortation is not dealing with one particular act of sin, but with an attitude that leads to repeated disobedience. Under the old covenant, there were no sacrifices for deliberate and willful sins (Ex. 21:12–14; Num. 15:27–31). Presumptuous sinners who despised Moses’ law and broke it were executed (Deut. 17:1–7). This explains why David prayed as he did in Psalm 51. Because he deliberately sinned “with a high hand,” he should have been slain, but he cried out for God’s mercy. David knew that even a multitude of sacrifices could not save him. All he could offer was the sacrifice of a broken heart (Ps. 51:16–17). 
這種“藐視”是故意犯罪的證據。這個動詞的時態表明希伯來書 10:26 應該讀作,“因為我們若故意繼續犯罪。”這種勸勉不是針對某個特定的犯罪行為,而是針對導致反復不順服的態度。在舊盟約之下,對蓄意和故意犯罪的獻祭(出埃及記  21:12-14;民數記 15:27-31)。藐視摩西律法,並違反律法的傲慢罪人要處決(申命記  17:1-7)。這解釋了為什麼大衛像他在詩篇 51篇中那樣禱告。因為他故意“居高臨下偷窺”的犯罪,他本應該凌遲而死,但他呼求上帝的憐憫。大衛知道,即使是大量的獻祭也無法拯救他。他現在所能唯一提供的,只有一顆破碎心的獻祭(詩篇  51:16-17)。

How does an arrogant attitude affect a believer’s relationship with God? It is as though he trods Jesus Christ underfoot, cheapens the precious blood that saved him (“an unholy thing” [Heb. 10:29] = “a common thing”), and insults the Holy Spirit. This is just the opposite of the exhortation given in Hebrews 10:19–25! Instead of having a bold profession of faith, hope, and love, a backslidden believer so lives that his actions and attitudes bring disgrace to the name of Christ and the church. 
“傲慢的心態” 如何影響信徒與上帝的關係? 就好像他將耶穌基督踩在腳下,貶低了祂拯救他的寶血(“一件不聖潔的事” ‘希伯來書 10:29’  =“一件普通的事”),並侮辱了聖靈。這與希伯來書 10章19-25等節中的勸勉剛好相反! 背道的信徒不敢大膽地承認信、望,和愛的基督信仰的基礎,他是過藐視基督的生活,以至於他的行為和態度給基督和教會的名帶來了羞辱。

What can this kind of a Christian expect from God? He can expect severe discipline. (Chastening is the theme of Heb. 12.) There is no need to “water down” words such as “judgment and fiery indignation” (Heb. 10:27), or “sorer punishment” (Heb. 10:29). We have already seen from the history of Israel that hardly anybody who was saved out of Egypt by the blood of the lamb entered into the promised inheritance. Nearly all of them died in the wilderness. “There is a sin unto death” (1 John 5:16). Some of the Corinthian believers were disciplined and their lives taken because of their presumptuous sins (1 Cor. 11:30, where “sleep” means “died”). 
像這樣的基督徒能從上帝那裡期望什麼呢?  他可以期盼嚴厲的紀律處分。 (懲戒是希伯來書 12章 的主題。)沒有必要“澆滅”諸如“審判和烈怒”(希伯來書 10:27)或“更重的懲罰”(希伯來書 10:29)之類的詞。我們已經從以色列的歷史中看到,幾乎沒有人能藉由羔羊的血拯救出埃及,進入應許的產業之迦南。除了迦納和約書亞以外,所有出埃及的人都死在曠野中。 “有至於死的罪”(約翰一書  5:16)。有些哥林多信徒因為他們傲慢的罪,而生命被奪去(哥林多前書  11:30,其中“睡眠”的意思是“死”)。

God does not always take the life of a rebellious believer, but He always deals with him. “Vengeance belongeth unto me” was spoken to Israel, God’s people. “The Lord shall judge his people” (Heb. 10:30, quoted from Deut. 32:35)! “It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God” (Heb. 10:31). The major theme of Hebrews is “God has spoken—how are you responding to His Word?” When the nation of Israel refused to believe and obey His Word, God chastened them. Paul used this fact to warn the Corinthians against presumptuous sins (1 Cor. 10:1–12). Note that the examples given in this passage involve people who died because of their willful sins. When we study the subject of “chastening” in Hebrews 12, we will get greater insight into this awesome aspect of God’s dealings with His children. 
上帝並不總是用審判取走悖逆信徒的生命,祂總是用愛來管教他們。 上帝對以色列祂的子民說,“復仇屬於我”。 “主必審判他的百姓”(希伯來書  10:30,引自 申命記 32:35)! “落在永生上帝的手裡,真是可怕”(希伯來書  10:31)。希伯來書的主題是“上帝已經說過這些話,你如何回應?”當以色列國拒絕相信和遵守上帝的話時,上帝懲罰了他們。保羅用這個事實來警告哥林多人不要犯自以為是的罪(哥林多前書  10:1-12)。請注意,這段經文中的例子涉及因故意犯罪而死的人。當我們研讀希伯來書第 12 章中的“管教”主題時,我們將會更深入地了解,上帝對待祂兒女令人敬畏的一方面。

In stating that this exhortation applies to believers today, but that it does not involve loss of salvation, I am not suggesting that chastening is unimportant. On the contrary, it is important that every Christian obey God and please the Father in all things. Dr. William Culbertson, late president of the Moody Bible Institute, used to warn us about “the sad consequences of forgiven sins.” God forgave David’s sins, but David suffered the sad consequences for years afterward (2 Sam. 12:7–15). David had “despised the commandment of the Lord” (2 Sam. 12:9), and God dealt with him. 
我說的這勸勉適用於今天的信徒,但不會失去救恩,這並不是說管教不重要。相反,重要的是基督徒都要順服上帝,凡事討天父喜悅。慕迪聖經學院已故院長威廉 · 卡伯森(William Culbertson)博士曾警告我們“罪得赦免的悲慘後果”。上帝赦免了大衛的罪,但大衛在此後多年遭受了可悲的後果(撒母耳記下12:7-15)。大衛“藐視主的誡命”(撒母耳記下 12:9),上帝就對付了他。

What should a believer do who has drifted away into spiritual doubt and dullness and is deliberately despising God’s Word? He should turn to God for mercy and forgiveness. There is no other sacrifice for sin, but the sacrifice Christ made is sufficient for all our sins. It is a fearful thing to fall into the Lord’s hands for chastening, but it is a wonderful thing to fall into His hands for cleansing and restoration. David said, “Let me fall now into the hand of the Lord; for very great are his mercies” (1 Chron. 21:13). 
在屬靈上懷疑且遲鈍,故意藐視上帝的話的信徒,應該怎麼做呢? 他應該轉向上帝尋求憐憫和寬恕。沒有其他贖罪的獻祭,但基督所作的獻祭足以贖我們所有的罪。落在主的手中受管教是可怕的事情,但落在祂手中來潔淨和重建却是件美事。大衛說,“讓我現在落在主的手中;因為祂的憐憫太偉大”(創世記  21:13)。

An encouraging confirmation (vv. 32–39). Lest any of his readers should misinterpret his exhortation, the writer followed it with words of encouragement and confirmation. His readers had given every evidence that they were true Christians. He did not expect them to despise God’s Word and experience the chastening of God! In fact, as in Hebrews 6, the writer shifted the pronouns from “we” in Hebrews 10:26 to “he” in Hebrews 10:29 and “them” in Hebrews 10:39. 
令人鼓舞的確認(32-39 等節)。作者害怕他的讀者誤解他寫的勸勉,因此作者隨及用鼓勵和肯定的話語。他的讀者已經給提出一切證據,証明他們是真正的基督徒。沒想到他們却藐視上帝的話,經歷祂的管教!事實上,正如在希伯來書 6章所記載的,作者從希伯來書 10章26節中的代名詞“我們”,改為希伯來書 10章29節中的“他”和希伯來書 10章39節中的“他們”。

The readers had been willing to suffer reproach and persecution, even to the spoiling of their goods. When they were not being persecuted themselves, they courageously identified with the other Christians who were in danger, even to the point of sharing their bonds (imprisonment). At that time, they had great confidence and hope, but now they were in danger of casting away that confidence and going back into their old religion. 
讀者甘願承受羞辱和迫害,甚至毀壞他們的財產。當他們自己甚幸,沒有受到迫害時,他們却勇敢地參與其他處於危險中的基督徒的認同,甚至分享他們的綑綁(監禁)。那時,他們有很大的確信和盼望,但現在他們面臨確信被拋棄,再回到舊宗教系統的危險。

The secret of victory was in their faith and patience (“courageous endurance”). We have met this combination of graces in Hebrews 6:12, 15. It is here that the writer introduced the “text” around which Hebrews is written: “The just shall live by faith” (Heb. 10:38). The quotation is from Habakkuk 2:4, and it is also used in Romans 1:17 and Galatians 3:11. Romans emphasizes “the just,” Galatians deals with “shall live,” and Hebrews centers on “by faith.” We are not just saved from our sin by faith; we also must live by faith. This is the theme of Hebrews 11—13. 
勝利的秘訣在於他們的信心和耐心(“勇敢的堅忍”)。我們在希伯來書 6章12和15兩節中,遇到了這種恩典的組合。正是在這裡,作者引入了希伯來書所使用的“上下文”:“義人必因信得生”(希伯來書 10:38)。引文出自哈巴谷書 2章4節,也用於羅馬書 1章17節,和加拉太書 3章11節。羅馬書強調“義人”,加拉太書強調“得生”,希伯來書強調“必因信”。我們不僅因信從罪中得救;我們也必須憑信心生活。這是希伯來書 11-13 等三章的主題。

The believer who lives by faith will “go on to perfection” (Heb. 6:1). But the believer who lives by sight will “draw back unto perdition” (Heb. 10:39). What is “perdition” in this context? The Greek word translated “perdition” is used about twenty times in the New Testament and is translated by different words: “perish” (Acts 8:20), “die” (Acts 25:16), “destruction” (Rom. 9:22), and “waste” (Matt. 26:8). The word can mean eternal judgment, but it need not in every instance. I personally believe that “waste” is the best translation for this word in Hebrews 10:39. A believer who does not walk by faith goes back into the old ways and wastes his life. 
“ 因信得生”  的信徒將“繼續奔向完善”(希伯來書  6:1)。但不靠信心,而靠眼見活著的信徒將“滅亡”(希伯來書  10:39)。在這種情況下,什麼是“沉淪”?希臘詞翻譯為“滅亡”,在新約中使用了大約二十次,使用不同的翻譯詞,諸如:“滅亡”(使徒行傳 8:20)、“死亡”(使徒行傳 25:16)、“毀滅”(羅馬書 9 :22)和“浪費”(馬太福音 26:8)。這個詞可能意味著永恆的審判,但並非在所有情況下都需要。我個人認為“浪費”是希伯來書 10章39節中最佳的翻譯。一個不憑信心而行事為人的信徒,就回到了老路,浪費了他的生命。

“The saving of the soul” is the opposite of “waste.” To walk by faith means to obey God’s Word and live for Jesus Christ. We lose our lives for His sake—but we save them (see Matt. 16:25–27)! In my own pastoral ministry, I have met people who turned their backs on God’s will and (like Israel) spent years “wandering in the wilderness” of waste. 
“靈魂的拯救”是“浪費”的反義詞。憑信心而行意味著遵守上帝的話語並為耶穌基督而活。我們為祂的緣故失去生命——但我們拯救了他們(見馬太福音 16:25-27)!在我自己的牧靈事工中,我遇到過一些背棄上帝旨意的人,並且(像以色列一樣)多年來“在荒野中流浪”。
But we can be confident! As we walk by faith, our Great High Priest will guide us and perfect us!
但可以確信!當我們憑信心行事為人時,我們的偉大高貴的大祭司會引導,並使我們達到完善!



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