Tuesday, May 12, 2015

125英语语法应用(十二)


                              
125英语语法应用(十二)   句中词序()      word order                 5/12/2015

复习单句的五类:
     第一类 : 主语为单一主词,  其述语为动词.
     第二类 : 主语为单一主词但其述语为动词 + 直接宾语.
     第三类 : 主语为单一主词其述语为 动词 + 直接宾语 + 间接宾语.
     第四类 : 主语为单一主词,  其述语为动词 + 直接宾语 + 副词补足语(形容动词).
     第五类 : 主语为单一主词,  其述语为“be” “linking” 动词 + 补足语(用来补足其意义).

另三类句型: ( “词类作用的转换及句型 () ‘英文文法博客11/1/2011贴出”)

     第六类 : 复句 :  包括一个独立子句和一个或多个附属子句的句子.   
           是单句的延伸, 加上一个关系附属子句, 该子句属于额外资料
           , (86 额外补充说明的关系子句()87() 7/20/2014贴出).

              例如 :   独立                            附属子句                          子句
                      My friend, whom I had not seen for several years, came to see me .
                       (我那数年不见的朋友, 曾来看我. “有底线者为独立子句”, 额外资料” 
                       关系子句, 用时在习惯上必须在该句前后要加逗点 “  , ” 分开.)

        第七类 : 合句单句的延伸, 两个独立子句用一个同等连词连接的句子.

                     例如               独立子句                             独立子句
                            My friend came to see me and we made a trip together.
                                  (我的朋友来看我,我们一同去旅行.

        第八类复合句 : 包括一个或多个独立子句和一个或多个附属子句的句子
            是连接第六类和第七类的句子而形成的复合句.
                             
            例如 :    独立子句                附属子句              独立子句             附属子句
           Now faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see.
           (信是对所望的事有把握,对还没看见的事有聖經  希伯來書111.)

word order (词序)

若能掌握英语单词在句子中的顺序,任何复杂的句子, 只要没有生字, 我们都能大致读得懂. 即使是有少量不认得的字的句子, 也能明白它的大概意思并且在造句功能上有奇特的作用依序说明下:
1.       主语在述语的前面.
2.       若只是一个动词, 一般副词在动词之前面.

          例如
                 Tom always(副词) goes(动词) to work by car.
                  I almost(副词) fell(动词) as I was going down the stairs.    
         
  若与这些 “be” 动词am, is, are, was were, 在一起的次序, 副词则在它们之后.

       例如:
                 We were feeling very tired and we were also hungry.
                 Why are you always late? You're never on time.
                 The traffic isn't usually as bad as it was this morning.

     若是组合的动词短语, 则要注意和什么字用在一起:

         1.) can remember, doesn't smoke, has been stolen 等的组合的动词短语的
            次序副词要放在第 一动词之后.

                例如 :
                    I can(第一动词) never() remember(第二动词) his name.
                   Ann doesn't(第一动词) usually(副词) smoke.( 第二动词)
                   Your car has(第一动词) probably(副词) been(第二动词) stolen.
                    []  “probably” 副词常在否定句的动词前.
                 例如: I probably won't see you.
                              I will probably not see you. (不能写 'I won't probably.')

2.)  Verb + object 这样的短语组合一般不插入任何单词在其中.

               例如:
                     I like children very much. (not 'l like very much children')
                    Did you see your friends yesterday?
                    Do you clean the house every weekend?
                        (不可写成 'Do you clean every weekend the house?')

3.     一种在它要修饰的词汇前面, 几乎都是紧接在他们所修饰的名词之前,
    叫做属性形容词另一种放在整个句子的后面, 称为宾位形容词

                例如 :               
                       Taipei is a lively city.  (属性用法, lively 修饰city)

       单一修饰词描述名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常须要加冠词,
         其后有其它的修饰词等
          例如:a red flower(一朵红花)
                     an interesting story(一个有趣的故事)
                [] : 放在被修饰的单词后
                         例如,   The fish is still alive. 
                                    (这条鱼仍是活生生的, 不能写 alive fish. )

  在以下特殊用法中, 形容词置于所修饰的名词之后.
          例如:All people, young or old, should be strict with themselves. (同等地位)
                        (所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己.)
                    We are building a new school, modern and super.   (同等地位短句)
                       (我们正在建一所现代化和超标准的新型学校.)
                    All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. (同等地位短句)
                      (所有的国家,无论穷富, 都应该互相帮助.)

  有少数形容词, enoughpossible, 既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可置于它的后面.
        例如:Do you have enough time to prepare? (也可写time enough)
                     (你有足够的时间做准备吗?)
                       Maybe it will be a possible chance for you.  (也可写chance possible)
                      (或许它将成为一次可能的机遇.)

  有些形容词, 置于名词之前与之后, 含义不尽相同
           例如:the writer present  (出席的作者)
                       the present writer  (现在的作者)
  
  若有一组形容词修饰一个名词, 下列的排列的顺序可作为参考:
            冠词 + 数量 + 属性 + 形状 + 年龄 + 颜色 + 出处 + 材料 

            例如,  The old lady bought a few useful oblong black cardboard boxes yesterday.
                      (昨天这位老妇人买了一些有用的长方形黑色的厚纸板盒子.)
                      We were deeply impressed by her charming small pink face.
                       (我们对于她那迷人的粉红色小小脸蛋印象深刻.)

  4. 若在句子后面有显示地点或表时间的词组, 习惯上常常是地点在时间的前面,
       即词与地方结合在一起.

      例如 :  go home, live in a city, walk to work 等等.

    若动词有宾语, 表地方的单词紧接着动词:
       例如:   take somebody home, meet a friend in the street.

    若有表示时间的组词同时出现, 时间组词在最后.
        例如:
              Tom walks to work every morning.
                   (不可写 'Tom walks every morning to work')
              She has been in Canada since April.
              We arrived at the airport early.
              I'm going to Paris on Monday. (不可写 'I'm going on Monday to Paris')
              They have lived in the same house for a long time.
              Don't be late. Make sure you're here by 8 o'clock.
              Sarah gave me a lift home after the party.
              You really shouldn't go to bed so late.

   通常可以把表时间的词组放在句首.
         例如:
                On Monday I'm going to Paris.
                Every morning Tom walks to work.


请分析下列句子.
I went to store to buy bread for breakfast this morning.

    朋友, 写作是学语言的关键, 说话是天生的(非母语的例外). 你能很容易的造中文句子吗? 何况是学写英语句子你若能清清楚楚分析上列的句子, 那么英语造句你是过关了.



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