1313 水利工程學(二)                   中國古老水利工程 (三) 京杭大運河 , 坎兒井             12/12/2025

中國古老水利工程 坎兒井地表面豈井的出口

砍兒井的構造原理是: 在高山雪水潛流處, 尋其水源, 在一定間隔處打深

淺不等的豎井, 然後再依地勢高低在井底挖暗渠, 連通暗渠後, 再連至外面的明渠, 將水引至需要灌溉水之處.

這是坎兒井的剖面圖(This is the profile of the Kan'er Well. )

砍兒井的構造原理是: 在高山雪水潛流處, 尋其水源, 在一定間隔處打深

淺不等的豎井, 然後再依地勢高低在井底挖暗渠, 連通暗渠後, 再連至外面的明渠, 將水引至需要灌溉水之處.                                                                                                                                                         The construction principle of the Kan'er Well is as follows: Locate the water source at the underground flow of snowmelt from the high mountains, and dig vertical wells of varying depths at regular intervals. Then, according to the terrain, dig underground channels at the bottom of the wells, connecting them to an open channel outside, thus bringing the water to where irrigation is needed.                                                                                                                                  

        左邊最上面是天山(終年積雪的雪山), 坎兒井就是夏天高熱所化解的雪水入地中, 下流至吐魯番, 灌溉農作物, 如葡萄, 棉花等.  棉花是新彊的特產.

接著下面是母井, 井, 然後雪在地表面成為地表逕流, 流經地表所挖掘的豈井, 流至暗渠, 會集至明渠.  就引至需水灌溉的地方灌溉.  巧奪天工. 是我中華民族的智慧.                                                 

On the far left is the Tianshan Mountains (snow-capped mountains covered in snow year-round). The karez system is where melted snow from the summer heat flows underground, down to Turpan, irrigating crops such as grapes and cotton. Cotton is a specialty of Xinjiang.

                                                   
then below are the main wells, then the secondary wells. Snowmelt becomes surface runoff, flowing through the karez wells dug into the ground, then into underground channels, and finally converging into open channels to irrigate the areas needing water. It's an ingenious feat of engineering, a testament to the wisdom of the Chinese nation.

       

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