英语语法进深──博客
110 对等单字连词(一) 11/24/2014
My dearest teacher,
I am writing to thank you for making my future brighter, because of your teaching me in English.
I will thank you from my heart, for your hard work and dedication. Firstly, thank you for spending hours of your “free time” help me to practice English conversation. It is very important to learn English in that way. Secondly, I thank you for doing the most awesome work to give me enough confidence in writing in English. Thank you for your tireless patience.
Above all, thanks be to God for having a teacher like you. And thank you for treating me with the father’s love help me to survive lonely in the world.
God be with you till we meet again.
in Christ,
Stephen Lei (雷万清)
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连词与介词都是关连语, 全属虚词, 不但都有连接功能, 又都有表示其所连接的单字与单字; 短语与短语; 子句与子句和句子与句子的关系的作用. 现在进到讨论连词时,重点放在单字连词在对等时和从属时的使用. 因为它们是习惯性的使用. 必须留意,并且请用悟性来体会.
对等单字连词, 如, but, or, yet, for, and, so 等在英语句中使用得很频繁, 尤其是在口语中更是不离口. 编辑者初来美国, 听他们言谈时, 很喜欢用“and”, 他们把 “and” 常放在一句话第一个字, 对不是以英语为母语的人, 听起来很不习惯. 还有 “yet” 这连词的用法是表示负面的意念.记得在作研究报告时, 指导教授问, “Have you finished
yet?” . 当时我以为只是问问而已, 不在意的回答他. 后来经同学提示, 这是一句口气很重的责怪语, “你还没有完成吗?” 必须慎重其事的提出理由来回答.
对等单字连词, but, or, yet, for, and, so 等是用来连接主语与主语, 賓语与賓语, 短语与短语,子句与子句(只限於獨立子句), 和句子与句子的.
它要求连接的前后两部分有相同的形式和语法的作用. 它们在句中有表示关系的功能, 必须要了解. 否则在你造句时很容易出错.
例如:
Take out your books
and open them at page ten.
( and表示同时(in the same time)的关系, 用来连接两个独立子句. “拿出你们的书, 并打开翻到第十页.)
His room is bright,
but mine is gloomy .
( but表示对照(contrast)的关系, 用来连接两个独立子句. “他的房子亮, 我的却阴暗暗
的” . 此处在but前应加逗点)
的” . 此处在but前应加逗点)
I wrote a letter,
but I forgot to mail it.
(but表示对照的关系, 连接两个独立子句. “我写好了信, 却忘了发出.”)
Buy a good
dictionary, or borrow one from library.
( or表示选择(select)关系. 用来连接两个独立子句. “买一本字典, 或者到图书馆借一本” . 此处在or前应加逗点)
It's 10 o'clock and Tom hasn't got up yet.
( yet表示还没有的关系. 用来与and连接两个独立子句. “已经早上十点了. 汤姆还没有起床.” 此处 yet 应放在句子最后.)
I'm hungry. Is dinner ready yet?
( yet表示还没有的关系. 用来说明两个独立子句关系. “我饿了. 早餐还没有预备好吗?” . 此处 yet 应放在该问句最后.)
[注]: yet 通常都与现在完了时制( present perfect) 同时使用.
I was sick, so I didn’t go to school.
(so表示因果关系, 连接两个独立子句. “我生病了, 所以没上学.”)
John is afraid of
snakes, for he was bitten by one before.
( for表示因果关系, 连接两个独立子句. “约翰怕蛇, 因他被蛇咬过一次.”)
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