英语语法进深──博客
编辑者永远记得教我英文的邓老师在上第一堂英文课中告诉我的两句名言:
To Live as
if you were to Die tomorrow. (爱习光阴好似明日将死)To Study as if you were to Live forever. (不断学习好似生命永存)
这两个例句非常清楚的解释虚拟语气. 前者是表示现在事实不真实的虚拟语气的句子; 而后者表示是未来事实不实际的虚拟想象. 因为未来的动作更本不存在, 所以它的主观思想控制说话者的意念. 两个句子的宾语都是虚拟的动词语气“were”. 在附属子句前面都用表示条件的附属子句的词组 “as if” (好似), 如果你在文章中某处看见这样的词组, 应该知道它是表示虚拟语气的意念.
虚拟语气大致分三类
- 与现在事实不合 : 表示与现在的事实不符合的虚拟想象. 形式为 If + 主语 + 动词的过去时制 (were) ……, 主句主语 + would (主语也可以无限式动词的祈使语气)
例如, If
it were not raining, we should go for picnic.
To Study as
if you were to Live forever. (不断学习好似生命永存)第一句比较清楚. 第二句主语动词是无限式 (infinitive) 的祈使语气, 附属
子句的动词需配合助词的过去时制 (were) 是虚拟语气, 加上词组“as if”.
2. 与过去事实不合 : 过去的假设都是虚妄的. 过去的事情都是事实; 因此过去
时制的一种陈述是虚是实, 通常是一目了然的, 其形式为 : If + 主语 + had +
动词过去分词 ……, 主句主语 + would + have (或 be)+ 过去分词
例如, If it had not rained yesterday, he might have come.
(It did not rain yesterday.)
If it had rained last night, the roads would be wet.
(It did not rain last night.)
If I had not stopped him, he would have been killed.
(I did stop him.)
- 与未来的假设不合: 未来的动作或事情尚未发生, 所以未来陈述很少是一件事实的, 只是一种假设. 例如, 希望 (I will go), 义务(I have to go), 可能(I may go), 或期待 (I shall go). 其形式为 : If + 主语 + 动词过去时制( 或were to + 动词原词形) ……, 主句主语 + would (或 could, might) + 动词原词形(或无限式).
If it were to rain tomorrow, what would we do?
习题二十 :
试用 if 写一句适合下列情况的虚拟语气1. We don't visit you very often because you live so far away.
范例 If you didn't live so far away, we'd visit you more often.
2. I wasn’t hungry , so I didn’t eat anything.
If I’d ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
3. That book is too expensive, so I'm not going to buy it.
If the book ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, I ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
4. We don't go out very often because we can't afford it.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
5. It's raining, so we can't have lunch in the garden.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
6. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can't meet you.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
习题二十 一 :
试用你自己的意思完成下列各句1. If you took more exercise, you'd feel better. 范例
2. I'd feel very angry if ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
3. If I didn't go to work tomorrow ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
4. Would you go to the party if ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
5. If you bought some new clothes ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
6. Would you mind if ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
Wish的用法也可分三类说明其表示虚拟语气的形式:
1. 表示现在或将来的愿望, 附属子句的动词用过去式.例如, I wish I knew his address.
I wish I were a millionaire. (但是他现在不是)
I wish I were young. (现在他一定老了)
I wish I knew.
I wish I were dead.
I wish 1 were in your place.
2.
表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 附属子句的动词用过去完成时制
(或would, could, might + have + 过去分词).例如, I wish you had written to him.
I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to go to class
earlier.
3. 附属子句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求.
例如, I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
I wish I would remember her name. (实际是忘记了.)
I wish you would (或 could) come. (注意非 will.)
习题二十二:
试将适当的动词形式填入1. If I knew his phone number, I would call him. (know) 范例
2. I wouldn't buy that coat if I were you. (not/buy) 范例
3. I ＿＿＿ you if I could, but I'm afraid I can't. (help)
4. We would need a car if we ＿＿＿ in the country. (live)
5. If we had the choice, we ＿＿＿ in the country. (live)
6. This soup isn't very good. It ＿＿＿ better if it wasn't so salty. (taste)
7. I wouldn't mind living in
8. If I were you, ＿＿＿ (not/wait). I ＿＿＿ now. (go)
9. You're always tired. If you ＿＿＿ to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all the
time. (not/go)
編輯者见意
: 若不是为了高考或咬文嚼字,
编辑者认为现在这些就够我国高中的年青朋友应用.
swlei2011@gmail.com 这是我的电子邮箱, 热忱的希望您们的回应.
No comments:
Post a Comment