104 常用的介词单字(一) at, on, in

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 104 常用的介词单字(一) at, on, in                           10/25/2014

 在英语语法中, 关连语的 “介词” 比其同类的 “连词” 可以说是较为简单, 但却是非常难应用的. 说它简单, 是因为它没有什幺规则, 不像连词有已定的法则要注意. 然而介词之运用, 却是五花八门, 难以捉摸, 尤其是介词短语的用法更是变化多端(已用七讲分享编辑者学习的法则). 关于常用的介词单字, 如, at, without, of, on, over, out, in, into, to, out, off, up 等虽然不多, 却如身体内的神经, 掌握整个英语语言的运作. 尤其如这常用的 at, on, in 等三个介词单字, 更是扰人. 其配合引进字(guide word) 或称钥字 (key word) 在时间及地方的用法都有差异, 对我国学习英语语法的青年朋友在使用上更捉摸不定. 所以特别提出讨论, 望能举一反三, 以领悟加上多练习去克服这困难. 毕竟常用的介词单字就那幺几个, 只要把它们在造句或言谈中使用的例子, 多多留意. 若你问到何时要用 in, 或是 on, 或是 at？请你手边随时准备一本好字典可以帮助解答你的疑难, 非常有用.

 at, on, in 虽然是以同一个引进字, 如, arrived. 但在不同时间的词汇用不同的介词单字, 他们这样用习惯了.  at 用在确定的短时间; on用在周日(week days); in则用在长时间. 没有规则可寻, 只有多记它们的例句.

例如:

      They arrived at 5 o'clock pm. (他们在下午五点到达.)

      They arrived on Friday.  (他们在星期五到达.)

      They arrived in October. 或 They arrived in 1968.

        (他们在十月到达; 或他们在1968年来的)

 at 也常用在表示夜间, 周末, 或假日的时间.

  例如: 

at night                                              如,  I don't like going out at night.

at the weekend或at weekends:         如,  Will you be here at the weekend?

       at Christmas或at Easter        如,  Do you give each other presents at Christmas?

     [注] :  但是用on Christmas Day

at the moment或at present:              如,  Mr. Wang is busy at the moment

或at this time (present).

at the same time:                               如,  Mary and I arrived at the same time.

 

In 表示在一时段内, 如, in the morning(s),  in the afternoon(s),       in the evening(s)

   例如:

        I'll see you in the morning.

        Do you work in the evenings?

但是加上肯定的周日, 则需用on.

  例如:

       I'll be at home on Friday morning.

       Do you usually go out on Saturday evenings?


习题一百二十一

试使用 at, on 或 in 加上下面所给的任一个字, 以完成该句.

        the evening,  the moment,  (Sundays),  about 20 minutes,  night, Christmas,

the Middle Ages,  (1492),  the 1920s,  11 seconds,  the same time

 
  1. Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America in 1492.           范例

  2. Most people in Taiwan do not work on Sundays.                                       范例

  3. If the sky is clear, you can see the stars ____.

  4. After working hard during the day, I like to relax ____.

  5. It's difficult to listen if everyone is speaking ____.

  6. I'm just going out to the shop. I'll be back ____.

  7. (on the phone) 'Can I speak to Ruth?'  'I'm afraid she's not here ____.

  8. In England people send each other cards ____.

  9. Many of Europe's great cathedrals were built ____.

  10. Bob is a very fast runner. He can run 100 meters ____.

 At, on, in 在这些字 last, next, this, every的前面不需要用.

   例如:

 I'll see you next Friday. ( 不可用 'on next Friday')

 They got married last March.

   [注] : 常常在确定日子, 可省略 on. 例如在, Monday, Mondays, Monday morning, March 12^th.

例句:

 I'll see you (on) Friday.

 She works (on) Saturday mornings.

 They got married (on) March 12th.

 习题一百二十二

试在下列各题中填入 at, on 或 in. 若不需用它们可不填, 加注不必用介词.

 
  1. a. I'll see you on Friday.

      b. I'll see you (-) next Friday. (不必用介词)

  2. a. What are you doing (on) Saturday?  (或不必用介词)

      b. What are you doing in the weekend?

  3. a. They often go out ___ the evenings.

      b. They often go out ___ Sunday evenings

  4. a. Do you work ___ Wednesdays?

  b. Do you work___ every Wednesday?

  5. a. We usually have a holiday ___ the summer.

      b. We often have a short holiday ___ Christmas.

  6. a. Pauline got married ___ 1991.

  b. Pauline got married ___ 18 May 1991.

  c. Chris is getting married ___ this year.

 习题一百二十三

试选择适合的介词单字, 如 at, on 或 in 等, 填入下列各题. 

 
  1. Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756.                                          范例

  2. I haven't seen Mary for a few days. I last saw her (on) Tuesday. 范例

  3. The price of electricity is going up ___ October.

  4. I've been invited to a wedding ___ 14 February.

  5. Hurry up! We've got to go ___ five minutes.

  6. I'm busy just now but I'll be with you ___ a moment.

  7. Jenny's brother is an engineer but he's out of work ___ the moment.

  8. There are usually a lot of parties ___ New Year's Eve.

  9. I hope the weather will be nice ___ the weekend.

  10. Saturday night I went to bed ___ 11 o'clock.

  11. I don't like traveling ___ night.

  12. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived ___ 5 o'clock ___ the morning.

  13. The course begins ___ 7 January and ends sometime ___ April.

  14. It was quite a short book and easy to read. I read it ___ a day.

  15. I might not be at home ___ Tuesday morning but I'll probably be

there ___ the after noon.

  16. My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready ___ two hours.

  17. The telephone and the doorbell rang ___ the same time.