114 英语语法的应用(一)

114 英语语法的应用(一)                                            2/10/2015

有基督信仰的人处处都设法想帮助未信的人寻到福音的真光. 编辑者在写完 “英语语法” 之后, 圣灵启示要用祷告, 圣诗及圣经的中英对照来阐释 “主耶稣基督是上帝的儿子”, 供您们可以思想.

基督信仰的根源是认定主耶稣是以 “话语” (WORD) 变成肉身来到世上.  如圣经上告诉我们,  “祂就是这真理, 这道路, 这生命.” 有了祂, 我们就如得至宝.

我们在天上的上帝, 祢的管教是我脚前的灯, 路上的光.  求祢赐下恩典, 使我能把对祢真理的领悟, 明白清楚的写出来. 谢谢祢. 靠主耶稣基督的名求.  阿门.

A DIARY OF PRIVATE PRAYER                                 私祷日记

Eternal Father of my soul,                                    我心灵的永恒天父, 让我今早一醒来,

let my first thought today be of You,                          第一个念头就是思想你,

let my first impulse be to worship You,                    第一件愿望就是崇拜你,

let my first speech be Your name,                             第一句话就是称颂你的名,

let my first action be to kneel before                         第一个举动就是跪在你面前

       You in prayer.                                                              向祢祷告.

For Your perfect wisdom and perfect goodness:     为了祢全然的智能和完美的良善:

For the love wherewith You love mankind:             为了祢对人类的大爱:          

For the love wherewith You love me:                      为了祢眷顾我的慈爱:

For the indwelling of Your Spirit in my heart:          为了祢住在心中的圣灵:

I praise and worship You, O Lord.                                   主啊！ 我赞美祢, 崇拜祢.

Oh, God, Be my Strength in time of testing.     主啊!  当我遭遇试探之时,作我的山寨.
Gladden my heart with Your peace;                   使我因有祢的平安,而心中满有喜乐.

through Jesus Christ my Lord.  Amen.                    依赖主耶稣基督的名祈求, 阿们

“私祷日记” 是1936年, 英国苏格兰爱丁堡神学院院长 约翰.贝利 (John Baillie) 所着.  编辑者参照1943年由中国成都金陵神学院学生集体翻译出版版本选译. 翻译是英语语法的应用. 编辑者自1963年翻译 “数式方法及电子计算器” 一书, 由徐氏基金会出版. 至今五十多年, 深感它的重要. 因为中国同胞要来美国学英语的机会实在不容易. 希望此译文对您们有益.

祈祷是基督信仰的人能力的源头.  信徒的谢饭祷告是必须的. 若上帝不赐下适时的雨水, 农人健康的身体及合适的气温. 你再有钱也买不到充饥的粮仓. 中国河南大饥荒, 死了几万人, 其中有钱的人不能例外.  所以, 有基督信仰的人说, “一饭一米都来自上帝.” 要谢饭, 要珍惜.  由上面的祷告, 可了解基督信仰的人的祷告不求名利, 而是与上帝对话. 从祷告中经历上帝, 是我们信徒的享受. 您们多次在 “英语语法”博客中, 看到我的祈祷. 求上帝赐我三个月健康 (那时编辑者已八十四岁, 有病在身), 若不是上帝的恩典, 我无法给各位完成您们所需要的. 

Hymn   “Wrecked outright on Jesus’ breast”          诗歌   “苦难带我到主怀”

  1.     

        “Wrecked outright on Jesus’ breast”:               “苦难带我到主怀”:        

        Only “wrecked” souls thus can sing;                “苦难”后如此唱出来;

        Little boats that hug the shore,                          小船若是紧靠岸，              

              Fearing what the storm may bring,                 深怕风浪的为患，

              Never find on Jesus’ breast,                            难知在主的怀里，

              All that “wrecked” souls mean by rest.           “苦难”后所享的安息。

        ………… 2, 3, 4 段省略

该圣诗是一位来自英国女传教士和受恩（Margaret E. Barber）（1866年－1930年） 所作. 该歌对中国三十年代的基督信仰的传播, 影响很深远。在英国金弥耳牧师所着：中流砥柱－倪柝声传中, 有这么一段记载. 1921年，一艘中国军舰停泊在白牙潭，23岁的海军军官王载被和受恩住宅中的诗歌所吸引，上岸拜访。不久他辞去海军军官，专门传道, 与倪柝声同时成为中国
三十年代的基督信仰传播的砥柱。

编辑者自幼喜爱唱教会诗歌, 曾参加教会诗班, 享受赞美主耶稣基督的喜乐.  我英文的长进也得自唱英文圣诗极大的恩惠. 尤其是在发音方面帮助我很大. 您们不妨试试. (上面圣诗, 若能制成mp3, 以后附上.)

Studying of The Gospel of John (John 1-18)  约翰福音研读心得（1 : 1-18）

THE WORD BECAME FLESH.                      “话语” 变成肉身（1: 1-18）(参考中

     (John 1:1-18)(NASB)                                        文和合本圣经)

¹ In the beginning was the Word, and the           ¹ 在时间未开始以前就有话语，话

  Word was with God, and the Word was God.      语与上帝同在，话语就是上帝。

² He was in the beginning with God.                 ² 这话语在时间未开始以前便

上帝同在。

³ All things came into being through Him,         ³ 万物是从祂造的. 凡被造的, 没

  and apart from Him nothing came into                 有一样不是从祂造的。

being that has come into being.

⁴ In him was life and the life was                      ^{4  “}生命”在祂里头, 这生命就是人的

  light of men;                                                                                        “光”.

⁵ The light shines in the darkness, and               ⁵ “光”照在黑暗里，黑暗却不能胜过

the darkness did not comprehend it.                           “光”.

⁶ There came a man sent from God,                   ⁶ 有一个人是从上帝那里被差来的,
  whose name was John.                                            他名字叫约翰.

⁷ He came as a witness, to testify about the        ⁷ 这人来是为要作见证，就是为这

   Light, so that all might believe                                 光作见证, 为的是叫众人因

   through him.                                                              他的见证可以信.

⁸ He was not the Light, but he came to testify about  ⁸ 他不是“那光”, 但是他来要为

   the Light .                                                                    “那光”作见证.

⁹ There was the true Light which, coming into the    ⁹ 来到世上的光是“真光”, 要照亮

  world, enlightens every man.                                        世上的世上的每一个人.

¹⁰ He was in the world, and the world was made    ¹⁰ 祂在世界, 世界也是从祂而造

  through Him, and the world did not know Him.             的, 而世界却不认识祂.

¹¹ He came to His own, and those who were His own  ¹¹ 祂到自己的地方来, 而自己的

  did not receive him.                                                             人倒不接待祂.

¹² But as many as received Him, to them He gave the  ¹² 凡接待祂的, 就是信“祂名”的

right to become the children of God, even to those               人,祂就赐给他们可以作

   who believe His name,                                                     上帝的儿女的权柄.

¹³ who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the  ¹³ 这等人不是从血气, 不是从情

   flesh, nor of the will of man,                                              欲,也不是从人意生的,

   but of God.                                                                         乃是从上帝生的.

¹⁴ And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us,      ¹⁴ 这“话语” 变成了肉身, 住在

   and we saw His glory, glory as of the only                        我充充满有恩典有真理,    

   begotten from the Father,                                                      我们也见过祂的荣光正是

   full of grace and truth..                                                         父独生子的荣光.

¹⁵ John testified about Him and cried out, saying,           ¹⁵ 约翰为祂做见证, 喊着说,

   “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who comes                    “这就是我曾说过的,‘那

   after me has a higher rank than I, for He existed                   在我以前的,因祂本来

   before me.' ”                                                                         在我以前.’ ”

¹⁶  For of His fullness we have all received, and           ¹⁶ 从祂丰满的恩典里我们都领受

   grace upon grace.                                                                  了, 且是恩上加恩.

¹⁷ For the law was given by Moses; grace and truth       ¹⁷ 律法本是藉着摩西订立的;

   were realized through Jesus Christ.                                      恩典和真理,都是经由
                                                                                                                                                                                                 主耶稣基督带来的.

¹⁸ No one has seen God at any time; the only                 ¹⁸ 从来没有人看见过上帝, 只

   begotten God, who is in the bosom of the                             惟独的神将上帝表明了

   Father, He has explained Him.                                              出来.

约翰福音书阐释主耶稣是基督, 是上帝的儿子, 来信 “祂名” 的人, 就得着 “永远的生命”. 这是我早年得到基督信仰的确据. 我要用我一生所经历上帝的真实, 在此博客中慢慢的告诉您们. “希望您们寻到福音的真光.”  把上帝的真爱表扬出来, 使他人因您们得福.  

113 从属单字连词(二)

                                                       英语语法进深──博客

113  从属单字连词(二)            Have a mercy on me, O Lord.                          12/8/2014

                                           

that   是一个用得很广泛的从属单字连词.  它可用作连接同位子句(apposition clause).

例如: 

The fact that he went there proves his interest. 

(他去那里说明他的兴趣 “that he went there” 与 “the fact” 同位.)

编辑者来到美国实在是享往它的民主和自由.  下面引述我早年读林肯总统的闻名于世的盖兹堡演说, 他把整个的感情(passion)灌注在这只有267个字的短文中.  我用该文来显示 “that” 的用法.

    Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. (1)

    八十七年前我们的国父禀承于孕育自由的理念, 及上帝创造人平等的信仰, 在这块土地上, 肇建了一个新的国家.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. (2)  We are met on a great battle field of that war. (3)  We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that this nation might live. (4)  It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. (5)

    现在我们正陷入一场伟大的内战中,  以考验着这个国家, 或任何肇基于该孕育和信念建造的国家能否永垂不朽.  我们现在相聚于此内战中伟大的战场上, 我们正要把这战场中的一部分献上作为给这些以自己生命换取国家得以勉能生存的同胞, 作最后永远安息之地. 我们必须如此的去作的奉献之举, 是完全应该而且非常恰当的.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. (6)  The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. (7)  The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. (8)  It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. (9)  It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. (10)

但是, 从更广泛的意义上来看, 我们不能够献上这块土地, 也不能够使这块土地圣洁, 更不能够神圣化这块土地.  曾在此奋不顾身的勇敢的战士们, 无论是生或死, 他们早已成就这块土地像他们所作所为的那么神圣化,  这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的.  全世界不会留意, 也不会长久记得我们在此说些什么, 但是, 全世界却永远不会忘记他们于此战场曾经做了些什么. 无寧说, 倒是我们些仍然活着的人, 理应责无旁贷的把自己献身于眼前战士们已经崇高地先前推展但尚未完成的使命上.  倒是我们应该在这里把自己献身于仍然留在我们前面的未完成的伟大的任务: 以便使我们向这些光荣的牺牲者吸取更多献身的精神, 来完成战士们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业; 以便我们在此恳切的肯定答应战士们, 他们的死决非白白的牺牲; 而这国家在上帝的福佑之下得自由的新生;  并且这民有、民治、民享的政府当永世长存.

最后一句, 林肯总统说出了心中为自由而战的确信.  一共是五个子句, 一个独立子句 (It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us.),  和 四个都是以 that 开始的同位从属子句(appositive  subordinate clauses). 其相互的关系配合得恰如其分.

      感谢上帝赐我四个多月的时间, 让我得以完成 “英语语法进深” 最后一个博客.  留下的工作是造句, 写段落及最后写文章. 求爱我的主耶稣基督也祝福您们有一个为庆祝祂为世人赎罪而降到人间, 由童女所生的日子 ── 快乐的圣诞节.

112 从属单字连词(一)

                                                      英语语法进深──博客

 112      从属单字连词(一)                                                                                      12/2/2014

当句子的构想是依靠另一个子句才能完备, 那么从属连词就被用来连接从属子句与具有来完成这句子的构想的独立子句.  所有的从属连词只能连接从属子句与独立子句形成句子.  例如, Although he failed again and again是个子句, 它有主语 “he” 和本动词 “failed”, 但它不能表达一个完整的构想. 译成中文 “虽然他一再失败” ,  没有全备的思想, 不能成为句子; 它必须要用从属连词去连接具有构想的独立子句. 如, Although he failed again and again, he never ceased to try. (虽然他一再失败, 他从未停止一试再试.) 这句子的构想才完善了.

从属单字连词有 as, because, since, although, though, if, unless, than, where,
whence, wherever, whither, lest, that, so, after, as, before, now, that, since,
till, until, when, whenever, after, when, while  等.  在应用上有各种不同的功能. 
需要仔细研读和领悟:

1.  表示原因 (cause) 有 as, because,  since
    例如:

             We believe these things because we see them in the newspaper.
                     (我们想信这些事情, 因为我们在报纸上见到它们.)
             Since it is already late, I must return.    
                    (因为天晚了, 我们必须回去.)
             As it was a national holiday, all the banks were closed.
                    (因为是国定假日, 所有的银行都关门了.)
 
2.  用作显示让步(concession) 的有although, though
     例如:
              Although he is young; he is the best in his class.
                  (虽然他年轻, 却是班中最好的.)
             Although he failed again and again, he never ceased to try.
                 (虽然他一再失败, 他从未停止一试再试.)
              I didn’t get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications.
                 (虽然我具有所有必备的条件, 却还是没有得这工作.)
      [注] : 使用它们在口语时, 多般你会听到在一句话的结尾有 “though”
                这从属单字连词.
        例如:
                The house isn’t very nice.  I like the garden though.
                  (虽然房子不怎么理想, 我却喜欢花园.)
                I see him every day.  I’ve never spoken to him though.
                  (虽然我天天看到他, 却从没有和他谈过话.)

3.  作表达条件 (condition) 的应用, 有 if, unless, providing, provided 等.
    例如:
             If you have done your best, you need not feel bad about your failure.
                 (若你尽力而为, 你就不要因失败而懊恼.)
             I am glad to help you provided (that) you try to help yourself.
                 (若你试着自己帮助自己, 我乐意恊助你. 注: 可不加 “that”)
             Unless we go early, we shall not be able to get a seat. 
                 (除非我们早些走, 否则将不会有坐位.)

4.  作比较 (comparison) 的使用, 有 as, than
   例如:
            He was (as) sly as a fox.
                (他像狐一般地狡滑.)
            You are looking better than I had expected.
               (你面色比我所想象的要好看些. )
           
5.  用于表示地方 (place), 有where, wherever, whence, whither 等
   例如:
           No one knows whence they come.
              (没有人知道他们从何处来的.)
           Keep your things where you can find them.
              (把东西放在你能够寻找的地方.)
           I know not whither they have gone.
              (我不知道他们已到了那儿去.)
           He carries a book wherever he goes.
              (他无论到什么地方总带一本书.)
 
6.  用作表示目的  (purpose ) 有 lest, that 等.
    例如 :
           Please remind me lest ( 等于that not)I forget.
               (请提醒我, 否则我会忘记.) 
          We study that we may some day succeed.
              (我们研究, 有一日我们成功的.)

7. 用作表示结果 (result) 有 so
   例如 :
           I was making little progress, so I decided to quit.
               (我没有什么进步, 所以我决定停止.) 
 
8. 用作肯定时间 (to fix a time) 有, after, as, before, now, that, since, till, until, while,
 when, whenever 等
   例如 :
           Before you go, I want to tell you something.
               (在你去之前, 我要告诉你一些事情.)
           After you have done it a few times, it should be easy.
               (你已经做了它几次之后, 它该是容易做了.)
           Since you were her last many things have happened.
               (自从你上次在这里以来, 有许多事情发生过.)
           Don't stop till you have reached your destination.
               (不要停步, 直到你到达目的地.)
           May I keep this magazine until I finish it!
               (我可以留着这杂志, 直到我读完它么?)
           While you were away someone called to see you. 
               (当你不在家的时候, 有人访问你.)
            I could read when I was six rears old.
               (我六岁时就能读.)
            Whenever you need any help please come to me.
                (无论什么时候你需要帮助, 请来找我.)