94修饰语的比较级(二)

英语语法进深──博客

94修饰语的比较级(二):                                                                               8/12/2014

可在比较级修饰语前加一些副词来增强它的修饰功用, 如, 在肯定句及请求或建议的问句中加上a bit, a little, rather, some 和在否定句或疑问句中加any表示 “稍稍，一点”, 还有用much, far, a great 和 a good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表示  “……得多”；及用 still 在肯定句等.

much, a lot, far (同a lot), a bit, a little, slightly (同 a little)可以放在比较级的修饰语前, 增加其修饰的功能.  也就是有中文“更加...”的意念.

    例如 :

           Let's go by car. It's much cheaper. (或写如,  It's a lot cheaper. ‘更加便宜’)

           Don't go by train. It's a lot more expensive. (或写如,‘It's much more ....’)

           Could you speak a bit more slowly? (或写如, ... speak a little more slowly?)

           This bag is slightly heavier than the other one.

           Her illness was far more serious than we thought at first.

       (或写如,   ... much more serious... 或 ... a lot more serious ... )

     [注] : little 和 a little 用法不同, 前者的意义是否定的, 等于 “not much",  表示在其

后的修饰语 “不很, 不甚, 不大”的意思.

       例如 :

                  I am little interested in your proposition.  (我对你的提议 ‘不很’ 感兴趣.)

any 和 no 加在比较级修饰语前, 如, any longer 和 no bigger 等, 更加肯定的表示它比较的功能.

     例如 :

   I've waited long enough. I'm not waiting any longer. 
                 (同 not even a little longer)

               We expected their house to be very big, but it's no bigger than ours.

       (或写作,  it isn't any bigger than ours. ‘并不比我的家大多少’)

               Yesterday you said you felt ill. Do you feel any better today?

                   (昨日你说病了.  今天感觉得好点吗?)

               This hotel is better than the other one and it's no more expensive.

harder and harder, more and more 和 more and more difficult 等比较级修饰短语用在累积的比较情况中, 如中文“越..越...” 在英语口语中用得非常普遍, 请务必熟悉它们的用法.

例如 :

  It's becoming harder and harder to find a job.  (越来越不容易寻找职业.)

              It's becoming more and more difficult to find a job.

              Your English is improving. It's getting better and better.

              These days more and more people are learning English.  

                   (近日来, 越来越多的人学英语.)

the ... the better 若把另一比较级的修饰语填入该短语的空格中,可显示它是在与一件所谈的事物比较, 非常简洁.  使用这种型式的比较级修饰语很寻常, 很好用, 请多多仿效.

    例如 :

              “What time shall we leave?”'  “The sooner the better.”

      (同 as soon as possible ‘越快越好’ 它是与目前所谈的 ‘出发’ 的事来比较)

              “What sort of box do you want? A big one?”  “Yes, the bigger the better.”

                  (同 as big as possible ‘越大越好’ 它是与目前所谈的盒子的事件来比较)

              When you're traveling, the less luggage you have to carry the better.

                  (同 it is best to have as little luggage as possible)

the ... the ... 若把两个比较级修饰语的字填入该短语的两个空格中, 表明其互相的关系, 或它与所依靠的某事物比较.

例如 :

The warmer the weather, the better I feel.

      (同 if the weather is warmer, I feel better.天气温暖点, 我会感觉舒服些)

            The sooner we leave, the sooner we will arrive. 
            (快点出发, 可能我们会快点到.)

            The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.  (愈年轻, 愈容易学.)

            The more expensive the hotel, the better the service. 
            (越服务周到的旅馆, 越贵.) 

习题九十

     试将下列中文翻译成英语.  英语翻成中文.

1.      越急越做不完.

2.      心情越快乐, 身体越健康.

3.      越便宜的旅馆, 越糟.

4.      The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

      5.   The more I thought about the plan, the less I liked it.

习题九十一

     试用 harder and harder, more and more 和 more and more difficult….的短语型式, 填入下列各句以完成之.

  1. It's becoming harder and harder to find a job.   (hard)                      范例

  2. As the conversation went on, he became more and more talkative . 
          (talkative) 范例

  3. My bags seemed to get _____ as I carried them. (heavy)

  4. As I waited for my interview, I became _____. (nervous)

  5. As the day went on, the weather got _____. (bad)

  6. Travelling is becoming _____. (expensive)

  7. Since she has been in China, her Chinese has got _____. (good)

  8. That hole in your pullover is getting_____. (big)

older 和 elder 的用法不一样, 前者可用于任何比较级的修饰语; 而后者只实用于家中的人.  中国学生常常在这地方出错.

   例如 :

  Tom looks older than he really is.

但是涉及到家庭里的人的比较时, 如,  (my) elder brother, sister , son 和 daughter 等, 要用 elder.

    例如 :

   My elder brother is a pilot. (或 My older brother ...)

    [注] :  可是我们说,  “my elder brother” ; 但不能说  “somebody is elder ...”.

               又如,  My brother is older than me. (不能写 'elder than me')

习题九十二

      试选择下列各句的正确的字, 保留没有错误的各句.

  1. My older 或 elder brother is a pilot. (older 和 elder 都正确)          范例

  2. I'm surprised Ruth is only 25. I thought she was older 或 elder.

  3. Sarah's younger sister is still at school. Her older 或 elder sister is a nurse.

  4 Nathan is older 或 elder than his brother

                 请将习题寄至       swlei2011@gmail.com

93修饰语的比较级 (一)

      英语语法进深──博客

93修饰语的比较级 (一):                                                 　　　　　　　8/9/2014

在英文法里, 通常公认修饰语的 ‘比较的等级’ 有三个 : 规则的有old, older, oldest 或不规则的有good, better, best 称为 “原级”, “比较级” 和 “最高级” (positive, comparative 和 superlative).  其实这三级只是指形式上的词尾 -er 和 –est及少数不规则的形式变化而已.  实质上, 至少应有五级, 即old, older, oldest, less old 和 least old.  又如,  stupid,  more stupid, most stupid, less stupid, 和 least stupid.  在实际的语文中, 还有种种的表明无定限的等级的字, 用以概括的指明等级, 如extremely, somewhat, “more or less” 等.  有些修饰语在意义上是絶对, 不可以比较.  例如, right  “对”是不可比较的. 决不会有一件东西比另一件more right “更对”.  但可以说more correct 或 less correct  “更正确或不怎么正确”.

在本博客中也把这些修饰语比较的情况加入.  并且预备以三个帖子讲论修饰语的比较级. 而最高级的说明和应用以一次来谈论.  为什么?  在我国的文字里只要在修饰语前加上 “更” 字, 就能达到比较的目的, 不像英语语法有这么多的方法来形成修饰语的比较级.  所以中国青年的喜欢学习英语的朋友要耐住性子, 不要轻言放弃. 

cheaper (比较便宜), more expensive (比较化费) 这是一个修饰语的正反两方面的比较型式.  前者是加字尾 –er, 而后者因超过两个音节, 不应加字尾 –er , 而要加 more 字, 来形成其比较级.

    例如 :

              Let's go by car. It's cheaper.  (让我们开车去. 比较便宜)

              Don't go by train. It's more expensive.  (不要坐火车去. 它比较化费)

若要把两句合并, 可写为:

          It's cheaper to go by car than by train.

             (加上 ‘than’, 形成修饰语的比较级, 句子简洁而清楚)

 

若是两个音节的形容词修饰语, 其字尾是 “y”, 要将 “y” 变成 “ i ” 再加字尾 –er.  但是字尾是 
-ly 的副词则例外, 不能这样写, 是习惯.

    例如 :

   Last night I went to bed earlier than usual. 

       (不能用 'more early', 此处 early 是形容词)

               You're older than me.

   The exam was quite easy - easier than we expected.

   Can you walk a bit faster?

   I'd like to have a bigger car.

               Can you walk a bit more slowly?

若两个音节或更多音节的修饰词,  需要加上 more 的字, 来形成比较级.

   例如 :

 You're more patient than me.

 The exam was quite difficult - more difficult than we expected.

 I'd like to have a more reliable car.

 I don't play tennis much these days. I used to play more often.

       

习题八十八

       试使用下列所给字的正确比较(comparative )的字型填入句内, 以完成之.

       big                 crowded          (early用过)         easily          high         important 

      interested        peaceful          reliable                serious        simple      thin

  1. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed earlier than usual.    范例

  2. I'd like to have a more reliable car. Mine keeps breaking down.   范例

  3. Unfortunately her illness was ＿＿＿ we thought at first.

  4. You look ＿＿＿ Have you lost weight?

  5. I want a ＿＿＿ flat. We don't have enough space here.

  6. He doesn't study very hard. He's ＿＿＿ in having a good time.

  7. Health and happiness are ＿＿＿ money.

  8. The instructions were very complicated. They could have been ＿＿＿.

  9. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ＿＿＿ usual.

  10. I like living in the countryside. It's ＿＿＿ living in a town.

  11. You'll find your way around the town ＿＿＿ if you have a good map.

  12. In some parts of the country, prices are ＿＿＿ in others.

有些特别的两音节形容词修饰语, 可以使用以上所讲的两种方法, 如, quiet, clever,

narrow, shallow, simple 等字.

    例如 :

    It's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter (或 more quiet)?

  

有些修饰语的比较级的字型其变化是不规则的,如,good, well,  bad ,  badly 和 far 等.

    例如 :          原级                            比较级                        

                        good                             better                                                 
                        well                              better                          
                        badly                           worse                                                
                        far                                farther 或 further

                        bad                               worse 

               The garden looks better since you tidied it up.

   ‘Is your headache better?'  'No, it's worse.'

               In English he is better than any other boy in the class

   Winter is colder than any other season.  (不可写 ‘any season’ )

习题八十九

     试用fast, well, good, bad, badly 和much等正确的型式填入, 以完成该句子.

1. I can  run faster than Mary.         范例
2. Stephen swims ＿＿＿(well) than I.
3. Nathen plays ＿＿＿(badly) than John.
4. Mary speaks English ＿＿＿(good) than Sarah.
5. Which season do you like ＿＿＿(much), summer or winter?
6. Which fruit do you like ＿＿＿(more), apple or pear or orange?
7.  I love apple ＿＿＿(much) than orange.

请将习题寄至                  swlei2011@gmail.com