93修饰语的比较级 (一)

      英语语法进深──博客

93修饰语的比较级 (一):                                                 　　　　　　　8/9/2014

在英文法里, 通常公认修饰语的 ‘比较的等级’ 有三个 : 规则的有old, older, oldest 或不规则的有good, better, best 称为 “原级”, “比较级” 和 “最高级” (positive, comparative 和 superlative).  其实这三级只是指形式上的词尾 -er 和 –est及少数不规则的形式变化而已.  实质上, 至少应有五级, 即old, older, oldest, less old 和 least old.  又如,  stupid,  more stupid, most stupid, less stupid, 和 least stupid.  在实际的语文中, 还有种种的表明无定限的等级的字, 用以概括的指明等级, 如extremely, somewhat, “more or less” 等.  有些修饰语在意义上是絶对, 不可以比较.  例如, right  “对”是不可比较的. 决不会有一件东西比另一件more right “更对”.  但可以说more correct 或 less correct  “更正确或不怎么正确”.

在本博客中也把这些修饰语比较的情况加入.  并且预备以三个帖子讲论修饰语的比较级. 而最高级的说明和应用以一次来谈论.  为什么?  在我国的文字里只要在修饰语前加上 “更” 字, 就能达到比较的目的, 不像英语语法有这么多的方法来形成修饰语的比较级.  所以中国青年的喜欢学习英语的朋友要耐住性子, 不要轻言放弃. 

cheaper (比较便宜), more expensive (比较化费) 这是一个修饰语的正反两方面的比较型式.  前者是加字尾 –er, 而后者因超过两个音节, 不应加字尾 –er , 而要加 more 字, 来形成其比较级.

    例如 :

              Let's go by car. It's cheaper.  (让我们开车去. 比较便宜)

              Don't go by train. It's more expensive.  (不要坐火车去. 它比较化费)

若要把两句合并, 可写为:

          It's cheaper to go by car than by train.

             (加上 ‘than’, 形成修饰语的比较级, 句子简洁而清楚)

 

若是两个音节的形容词修饰语, 其字尾是 “y”, 要将 “y” 变成 “ i ” 再加字尾 –er.  但是字尾是 
-ly 的副词则例外, 不能这样写, 是习惯.

    例如 :

   Last night I went to bed earlier than usual. 

       (不能用 'more early', 此处 early 是形容词)

               You're older than me.

   The exam was quite easy - easier than we expected.

   Can you walk a bit faster?

   I'd like to have a bigger car.

               Can you walk a bit more slowly?

若两个音节或更多音节的修饰词,  需要加上 more 的字, 来形成比较级.

   例如 :

 You're more patient than me.

 The exam was quite difficult - more difficult than we expected.

 I'd like to have a more reliable car.

 I don't play tennis much these days. I used to play more often.

       

习题八十八

       试使用下列所给字的正确比较(comparative )的字型填入句内, 以完成之.

       big                 crowded          (early用过)         easily          high         important 

      interested        peaceful          reliable                serious        simple      thin

  1. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed earlier than usual.    范例

  2. I'd like to have a more reliable car. Mine keeps breaking down.   范例

  3. Unfortunately her illness was ＿＿＿ we thought at first.

  4. You look ＿＿＿ Have you lost weight?

  5. I want a ＿＿＿ flat. We don't have enough space here.

  6. He doesn't study very hard. He's ＿＿＿ in having a good time.

  7. Health and happiness are ＿＿＿ money.

  8. The instructions were very complicated. They could have been ＿＿＿.

  9. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ＿＿＿ usual.

  10. I like living in the countryside. It's ＿＿＿ living in a town.

  11. You'll find your way around the town ＿＿＿ if you have a good map.

  12. In some parts of the country, prices are ＿＿＿ in others.

有些特别的两音节形容词修饰语, 可以使用以上所讲的两种方法, 如, quiet, clever,

narrow, shallow, simple 等字.

    例如 :

    It's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter (或 more quiet)?

  

有些修饰语的比较级的字型其变化是不规则的,如,good, well,  bad ,  badly 和 far 等.

    例如 :          原级                            比较级                        

                        good                             better                                                 
                        well                              better                          
                        badly                           worse                                                
                        far                                farther 或 further

                        bad                               worse 

               The garden looks better since you tidied it up.

   ‘Is your headache better?'  'No, it's worse.'

               In English he is better than any other boy in the class

   Winter is colder than any other season.  (不可写 ‘any season’ )

习题八十九

     试用fast, well, good, bad, badly 和much等正确的型式填入, 以完成该句子.

1. I can  run faster than Mary.         范例
2. Stephen swims ＿＿＿(well) than I.
3. Nathen plays ＿＿＿(badly) than John.
4. Mary speaks English ＿＿＿(good) than Sarah.
5. Which season do you like ＿＿＿(much), summer or winter?
6. Which fruit do you like ＿＿＿(more), apple or pear or orange?
7.  I love apple ＿＿＿(much) than orange.

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