111 英翻中(約第六章) Jesus loses the crowd 耶穌失去擁護的群眾 16/07/2025
CHAPTER SIX 第六課 John 6 約翰福音第六章 JESUS LOSES HIS CROWD 耶穌失去擁護的群眾
Since John’s gospel is selective (John 20:30–31), he does not record events in the life of Jesus that do not help him fulfill his purpose. Between the heal ing of the paralytic (John 5) and the feeding of the five thousand, you have many events taking place, some of which are mentioned in Luke 6:1—9:10 and Mark 3:1—6:30. During this period our Lord preached “the Sermon on the Mount” (Matt. 5—7) and gave the parables of the kingdom (Matt. 13). 由於約翰福音是選擇性的（約翰福音 20:30-31），他沒有記錄耶穌生平中那些無助於實現其使命的事件。在醫治癱瘓者（約翰福音 5 章）和五千人吃飽之間，發生了許多事件，其中一些在路加福音 6:1-9:10 和馬可福音 3:1-6:30 中有所提及。在此期間，我們的主宣講了「登山寶訓」（馬太福音 5-7 章），並講述了天國的比喻（馬太福音 13 章）。
The feeding of the five thousand was a miracle of such magnitude that it is recorded in all four gospels. A great multitude had been following Jesus for several days, listening to His teaching and beholding His mir acles. Jesus had tried to “get away” to rest, but the needs of the crowd pressed on Him (Mark 6:31–34). Because of His compassion, He ministered to the multitude in three different ways. 五千人吃飽是個意義非凡的奇蹟，四福音書都有記載。一大群人跟隨耶穌好幾天，聆聽祂的教導，見證祂的神蹟。耶穌曾試圖「離開」去休息，但眾人的需要使他倍感壓力（可 6:31-34）。出於祂的憐憫，祂以三種不同的方式服事眾人。
Jesus Feeds the Multitude (6:1–14) The problem, of course, was how to meet the needs of such a vast crowd of people. Four solutions were proposed. 耶穌餵飽眾人（6:1-14）當然，問題在於如何滿足如此眾多人群的需求。提出了四種解決方案。
First, the disciples suggested that Jesus send the people away (Mark 6:35–36). Get rid of the problem (see Matt. 15:23). But Jesus knew that the hungry peo ple would faint on the way if somebody did not feed them. It was evening (Matt. 14:15), and that was no time for travel. 首先，門徒建議耶穌打發眾人離開（可 6:35-36）。這樣就解決了這個問題（參考太 15:23）。但耶穌知道，如果沒有人餵飽飢餓的人們，他們就會在路上暈倒。當時已是晚上（太 14:15），不是趕路的時候。
The second solution came from Philip in response to our Lord’s “test question” (John 6:5): raise enough money to buy food for the people. Philip “counted the cost” and decided they would need the equivalent of two hundred days’ wages! And even that would not provide bread enough to satisfy the hunger of all the men, women, and children (Matt. 14:21). Too often, we think that money is the answer to every need. Of course, Jesus was simply testing the strength of Philip’s faith. 第二個解決方案來自腓力，他回答了主的「考驗題」（約翰福音 6:5）：籌措足夠的錢來為眾人購買食物。腓力“算計了費用”，認為他們需要相當於兩百天工資的錢！即使這樣，也不夠提供足夠的麵包來滿足所有飢餓的男女老少（馬太福音 14:21）。我們常常認為錢能解決所有需求。當然，耶穌只是在考驗腓力的信心。
The third solution came from Andrew, but he was not quite sure how the problem would be solved. He found a little boy who had a small lunch: two little fish and five barley cakes. Once again, Andrew is busy bringing somebody to Jesus (see John 1:40–42; 12:20–22). We do not know how Andrew met this lad, but we are glad he did! Though Andrew does not have a prominent place in the Gospels, he was apparently a “people person” who helped solve problems. 第三個方案來自安得烈，但他不太確定該如何解決這個問題。他找到一個小男孩，小男孩的午餐很少：兩條小魚和五塊大麥餅。安得烈又一次忙著帶人到耶穌面前（參考約翰福音1:40-42；12:20-22）。我們不知道安得烈是如何遇到這個男孩的，但我們很高興他遇到了他！雖然安得烈在福音書中的地位並不顯赫，但他顯然是一位善於與人打交道的人，樂於解決問題。
The fourth solution came from our Lord, and it was the true solution. He took the little boy’s lunch, blessed it, broke it, handed it out to His disciples, and they fed the whole crowd! The miracle took place in the hands of the Savior, not in the hands of the disci ples. He multiplied the food; they only had the joyful privilege of passing it out. Not only were the people fed and satisfied, but the disciples salvaged twelve bas kets of fragments for future use. The Lord wasted nothing. 第四個方案來自我們的主，這才是真正的解決方案。他拿起小男孩的午餐，祝福，掰開，遞給門徒，他們餵飽了所有人群！奇蹟發生在救主的手中，而不是門徒的手中。他使食物倍增；他們只是有幸將食物分發出去，享受著這份喜悅。不僅人們吃飽了，得到了滿足，門徒們還回收了十二籃零碎以備將來使用。主沒有浪費任何東西。
The practical lesson is clear: whenever there is a need, give all that you have to Jesus and let Him do the rest. Begin with what you have, but be sure you give it all to Him. That little lad is to be commended for shar ing his lunch with Christ, and his mother is to be commended for giving him something to give to Jesus. The gift of that little snack meant as much to Jesus as the pouring out of the expensive ointment (John 12:1ff.). 實踐教訓顯而易見：無論何時有需要，都要將你所有的一切都獻給耶穌，剩下的就交給祂。從你所有的開始，但務必將一切都獻給祂。那個小男孩值得稱讚，因為他與基督分享午餐；他的母親也值得稱讚，因為她給了他一些東西給耶穌。對耶穌來說，這份小小的點心和傾倒昂貴的香膏一樣重要（約翰福音12:1比照研讀）。
But did Jesus really perform a miracle? Perhaps the generosity of the boy only embarrassed the other peo ple so that they brought out their hidden lunches and shared them all around. Nonsense! Jesus knows the hearts of men (John 2:24; 6:61, 64, 70) and He declared that the people were hungry. Surely He would have known of the existence of hidden food! Furthermore, the people themselves declared that this was a miracle and even wanted to crown Him King (John 6:14–16)! Had this event been only the result of mass psychology, the crowd would not have responded that way. John would never have selected this as one of the “signs” if it were not an authentic miracle. 但耶穌真的行了神蹟嗎？也許男孩的慷慨只是讓其他人感到尷尬，所以他們拿出自己藏起來的午餐，與眾人分享。胡說！耶穌洞悉人心（約2:24；6:61, 64, 70），祂卻說眾人都餓了。祂當然知道有隱藏的食物！此外，眾人自己也宣稱這是一個神蹟，甚至想擁立祂為王（約翰福音6:14-16）！如果這件事只是群體心理作用的結果，人群就不會有這樣的反應。如果這不是一個真實的奇蹟，約翰絕對不會選擇它作為「徵兆」之一。
It is significant that twice John mentioned the fact that Jesus gave thanks (John 6:11, 23). Matthew, Mark, and Luke all state that Jesus looked up to heaven when He gave thanks. By that act, He reminded the hungry people that God is the source of all good and needful gifts. This is a good lesson for us: instead of complaining about what we do not have, we should give thanks to God for what we do have, and He will make it go further. 約翰兩次提到耶穌感恩（約翰福音6:11, 23），這點意義非凡。馬太、馬可和路加都記載耶穌感恩時抬頭仰望天空。他以此提醒飢餓的人們，上帝是一切美好和必需品的來源。這對我們來說是一個很好的教訓：與其抱怨我們所沒有的，不如感謝上帝賜給我們一切，祂必使這一切更加豐盛。
Jesus Leaves the Multitude (6:15–21) Jesus compelled the disciples to get into the boat (Matt. 14:22; Mark 6:45) because He knew they were in dan ger. The crowd was now aroused, and there was a movement to make Him King. Of course, some of the disciples would have rejoiced at the opportunity to become famous and powerful! Judas would have become treasurer of the kingdom, and perhaps Peter would have been named prime minister! But this was not in the plan of God, and Jesus broke up the meeting immediately. Certainly the Roman government would have stepped in had a movement begun. 耶穌離開眾人（6:15-21） 耶穌催門徒上船（太14:22；可6:45），因為祂知道他們處境危險。眾人立刻騷動起來，紛紛擁立耶穌為王。當然，有些門徒會為有機會名聲顯赫、權貴而欣喜若狂！猶大會成為國度的財政大臣，彼得或許會被任命為宰相！但這並非上帝的計劃，耶穌立刻叫停了聚會。如果發生騷亂，羅馬政府一定會介入。
Did Jesus know that a storm was coming? Of course. Then why did He deliberately send His friends into danger? Quite the opposite is true: He was rescu ing them from greater danger, the danger of being swept along by a fanatical crowd. But there was another reason for that storm: the Lord has to balance our lives, otherwise we will become proud and then fall. The disciples had experienced great joy in being part of a thrilling miracle. Now they had to face a storm and learn to trust the Lord more. The feeding of the five thousand was the lesson, but the storm was the examination after the lesson. 耶穌知道暴風雨即將來臨嗎？當然知道。那麼，他為什麼故意讓他的朋友陷入危險呢？恰恰相反：他要把他們從更大的危險中拯救出來，讓他們免於被狂熱的人群捲入其中。但這場暴風雨還有另一個原因：主必須平衡我們的生活，否則我們就會變得驕傲，然後跌倒。門徒經歷了一個激動人心的奇蹟，體驗了極大的喜樂。現在，他們必須面對暴風雨，學習更信靠主。五千人吃飽是教訓，而暴風雨是教訓之後的考驗。
Sometimes we are caught in a storm because we have disobeyed the Lord. Jonah is a good example. But sometimes the storm comes because we have obeyed the Lord. When that happens, we can be sure that our Savior will pray for us, come to us, and deliver us. In writing the account of this event years later, perhaps John saw in it a picture of Christ and His church. Christ is in heaven interceding for us, but we are in the midst of the storms of life, trying to reach the shore. One day, He will come for us and we shall reach the port safely, the storms all past. 有時，我們陷入暴風雨是因為我們違背了主。約拿就是一個很好的例子。但有時，暴風雨的到來是因為我們順服了主。當這種情況發生時，我們可以確信，我們的救主會為我們禱告，來到我們身邊，拯救我們。多年後，約翰在記述此事時，或許從中看到了基督和祂教會的景象。基督在天上為我們代求，而我們卻身處人生的風暴之中，努力抵達彼岸。終有一天，祂會來接我們，我們會平安抵達港口，風暴都會過去。
Actually, there were several miracles involved in this event. Jesus walked on the water, and so did Peter (Matt. 14:28–32). Jesus stilled the storm, and instantly the boat was on the other shore. Of course, all of this happened at night so that only Jesus and His disciples knew what had occurred. Jesus had led His people into the green pastures (John 6:10), and now He brought them into the still waters (Ps. 23:2). What a wonderful Shepherd He is! 事實上，這件事充滿了幾個神蹟。耶穌在水面上行走，彼得也是一樣（太14:28-32）。耶穌平靜了風暴，船立刻就到了對岸。當然，這一切都發生在晚上，所以只有耶穌和祂的門徒知道發生了什麼事。耶穌曾帶領祂的子民進入青草地（約6:10），現在祂又帶他們進入可安歇的水邊（詩篇23:2）。祂是多麼奇妙的牧人啊！
As you read the gospel records, note that our Lord was never impressed by the great crowds. He knew that their motives were not pure and that most of them fol lowed Him in order to watch His miracles of healing. “Bread and circuses” was Rome’s formula for keeping the people happy, and people today are satisfied with that kind of diet. Give them food and entertainment and they are happy. Rome set aside ninety-three days each year for public games at government expense. It was cheaper to entertain the crowds than to fight them or jail them. 當你閱讀福音書的記載時，請注意，我們的主從未被如此眾多的人群所震撼。他知道他們的動機不純，大多數人跟隨他是為了觀看他行醫的神蹟。 「麵包與馬戲」是羅馬人取悅民眾的秘訣，如今人們也滿足於這種飲食。給他們食物和娛樂，他們就快樂了。羅馬每年撥出九十三天，由政府出資舉辦公共運動賽事。娛樂大眾比與他們戰鬥或監禁他們更便宜。
We must never be deceived by the “popularity” of Jesus Christ among certain kinds of people today. Very few want Him as Savior and Lord. Many want Him only as Healer or Provider, or the One who rescues them from problems they have made for themselves. “And ye will not come to me, that ye might have life” (John 5:40). 我們千萬不要被耶穌基督在當今某些人中的「受歡迎程度」所欺騙。很少人願意將他視為救主和生命的主宰。許多人只希望他成為醫治者或供應者，或是將他們從自己製造的困境中拯救出來的那一位。 「然而你們不肯到我這裡來得生命」（約翰福音5:40）。
Jesus Teaches the Multitude (6:22–71) 耶穌教導眾人（6:22-71） The purpose of the sign was that He might preach the sermon. Again, it was a ministry of “grace and truth” (John 1:17). In grace, our Lord fed the hungry peo ple, but in truth, He gave them the Word of God. They wanted the food but they did not want the truth, and, in the end, most of them abandoned Jesus and refused to walk with Him. He lost His crowd with one sermon! 神蹟的目的是為了使祂能夠講道。再說一次，這是「恩典和真理」的事工（約翰福音1:17）。我們的主以恩典餵飽了飢餓的人們，但事實上，祂賜給他們的是神的話。他們想要食物，卻不想要真理，最終，大多數人拋棄了耶穌，拒絕與祂同行。祂的一次講道就失去了眾人！
The next day began with a mystery: how did Jesus get to Capernaum? The crowd saw the disciples embark to go across the Sea of Galilee to Capernaum, and then the men were lost in the storm. The crowd also saw Jesus leave the place and go by Himself to a mountain. But the next morning, here were Jesus and His disciples together in Capernaum! Certainly He had not walked around the lake, and there was no evidence that He had taken another boat. Other boats had arrived, no doubt driven in by the storm, but Jesus had not been in any of them. 第二天，以一個謎團開始：耶穌是如何到達迦百農的？眾人看到門徒登船，準備渡過加利利海到迦百農，然後他們在風暴中失蹤了。眾人也看到耶穌離開迦百農，獨自一人去了山上。但第二天早上，耶穌和祂的門徒們卻在迦百農！祂肯定沒有繞著湖走，也沒有證據顯示祂搭了其他船。其他船也到了，無疑是被風暴吹來的，但耶穌不在任何一艘船上。
No doubt some of the people who had been fed simply went away to their homes, while others stayed to see what Jesus would do next. Our Lord’s sermon probably began outdoors, and then the discussion moved into the synagogue (John 6:59). It would be impossible for a huge crowd to participate in the syna gogue service, though the overflow could remain outside and hear what was being said. 毫無疑問，有些吃飽的人乾脆回家了，而其他人則留下來看看耶穌接下來會做什麼。我們主的講道很可能始於戶外，然後討論轉移到會堂裡（約翰福音6:59）。大量的人群不可能參加會堂裡的禮拜，儘管多餘的人可以留在外面聽講。
This sermon on “the bread of life” is actually a dia logue between Christ and the people, especially the religious leaders (“the Jews”). We see four responses of the crowd to the Lord Jesus in John 6: seeking (vv. 22–40), murmuring (vv. 41–51), striving (vv. 52–59), and departing (vv. 60–71). 這篇關於「生命的糧」的講道其實是基督與百姓，特別是宗教領袖（「猶太人」）之間的對話。我們在約翰福音第六章看到眾人對主耶穌的四種反應：尋求（22-40節）、發怨言（41-51節）、竭力爭戰（52-59節）和離開（60-71節）。
Seeking (vv. 22–40). The disciples may have been impressed that so many people stayed through a storm in order to seek their Master, but Jesus was not impressed. He knows the human heart. He knew that the people originally followed Him because of His mir acles (John 6:2), but now their motive was to get fed! Even if they were attracted only by the miracles, at least there was still a possibility they might be saved. After all, that is where Nicodemus started (John 3:1–2). But now their interest had degenerated to the level of food. 尋求（22-40節）。門徒可能對這麼多人為了尋求他們的夫子而留在暴風雨中感到印象深刻，但耶穌卻不以為然。他洞悉人心。祂知道人們最初跟隨祂是因為祂所行的神蹟（約翰福音6:2），但現在他們的動機是要得到食物！即使他們只是被神蹟吸引，至少他們還有得救的可能。畢竟，尼哥底母就是從那裡開始的（約翰福音3:1-2）。但現在他們的興趣已經墮落到食物的層次。
Jesus pointed out that there are two kinds of food: food for the body, which is necessary but not the most important, and food for the inner man, the spirit, which is essential. What the people needed was not food but life, and life is a gift. Food only sustains life, but Jesus gives eternal life. The words of Isaiah come to mind: “Why do you spend money for what is not bread, and your wages for what does not satisfy?” (Isa. 55:2 nasb) 耶穌指出，食物有兩種：身體的食物，這是必需的，但並非最重要的；以及內在的人，即靈魂的食物，這是必不可少的。人們需要的不是食物而是生命，而生命是一份禮物。食物只能維持生命，但耶穌賜予永生。以賽亞的話浮現在腦海中：「你們為何花錢買那不足為食物的呢？為何用工價買那不使人飽足的呢？」（以賽亞書55:2，新世界譯本）。
The people picked up the word labor and misinter preted it to mean they had to work for salvation. They completely missed the word give. Steeped in legalistic religion, they thought they had to “do something” to merit eternal life. Jesus made it clear that only one “work” was necessary—to believe on the Savior. When a person believes on Christ, he is not performing a good work that earns him salvation. There is certainly no credit in believing, for it is what God does in response to our faith that is important (see Eph. 2:8–10). 人們拿起「勞動」一詞，誤解為必須工作才能得救。他們完全忽略了「給予」一詞。他們深陷律法主義的宗教，認為必須「做點什麼」才能獲得永生。耶穌明確指出，只需要一件「工作」──相信救主。當一個人相信基督時，他並不是行善來獲得救恩。相信本身當然沒有任何功勞，因為重要的是神回應我們的信心所成就的事（參考以弗所書2:8-10）。
The crowd began by seeking Christ, but then started to seek a sign from Him. “For the Jews require a sign” (1 Cor. 1:22). The rabbis taught that, when Messiah came, He would duplicate the miracle of the manna (see Ex. 16). If Jesus was truly sent by God (see John 6:29, 38, 57), then let Him prove it by causing manna to fall from heaven. They wanted to “see and believe.” But faith that is based on signs alone, and not on the truth of the Word, can lead a person astray, for even Satan is able to perform “lying wonders” (2 Thess. 2:8–10). Note also John 2:18–25; 4:48. 眾人起初尋求基督，後來又尋求祂的神蹟。 「因為猶太人是求神蹟」（哥林多前書1:22）。拉比們教導說，當彌賽亞來臨時，祂會重複嗎哪的神蹟（參考出埃及記16章）。如果耶穌真的是神差來的（參考約翰福音6:29、38、57），那就讓祂從天上降下嗎哪來證明吧。他們想要「看見就信」。然而，如果信心單單是建立在神蹟之上，而不是建立在聖經真理之上，就會使人誤入歧途，因為就連撒但也能行「虛假的奇事」（帖撒羅尼迦後書 2:8-10）。另請參閱約翰福音 2:18-25；4:48。
The quotation in John 6:31 is from Psalm 78:24, a psalm that records the unbelief and rebellion of the nation of Israel. 約翰福音6:31的引文出自詩篇78:24， 這篇詩篇記載了以色列國的不信和悖逆。
In His reply, our Lord sought to deepen the people’s understanding of the truth. It was God, not Moses, who gave the manna, so they must take their eyes off Moses and focus them on God. Also, God gave the manna in the past, but the Father is now giving the true bread in the person of Jesus Christ. The past event is finished, but the present spiritual experience goes on! 在祂的回答中，我們的主試圖加深人們對真理的理解。賜下嗎哪的是神，而不是摩西，所以他們必須將目光從摩西身上移開，專注於神。此外，神在過去賜下嗎哪，但現在父神藉著耶穌基督賜下真正的糧。過去的事已經結束，但現在的屬靈經驗仍在繼續！
Then Jesus clearly identified what the bread is: He is the true Living Bread that came down from heaven. But He came, not only for Israel but for the whole world. And He came, not just to sustain life, but to give life! Seven times in this sermon, our Lord referred to His “coming down from heaven” (John 6:33, 38, 41–42, 50–51, 58), a statement that declared Him to be God. The Old Testament manna was but a type of the “true bread,” the Lord Jesus Christ. 然後耶穌清楚地指明了糧是什麼：祂是從天上降下來的真正的生命糧。但祂來，不只是為了以色列，也是為了全世界。祂來，不只是為了維持生命，更是要賜下生命！在這篇講道中，我們的主七次提到祂「從天而降」（約翰福音6:33、38、41-42、50-51、58），這句話宣告祂是神。舊約裡的嗎哪隻是「真糧」──主耶穌基督──的一種預表。這段對話始於眾人尋求基督，然後尋求神蹟，但聽眾很快就開始尋求耶穌所說的「真糧」。
This dialogue began with the crowd seeking Christ and then seeking a sign, but listeners soon began to seek the “true bread” that Jesus talked about. However, like the woman of Samaria, they were not ready for sal vation (see John 4:15). She wanted the living water so she would not have to keep going to the well. The crowd wanted the bread so they would not have to toil to maintain life. People today still want Jesus Christ only for the benefits He is able to give. 然而，就像撒瑪利亞婦人一樣，他們還沒有準備好接受救恩（參考約翰福音4:15）。她想要活水，這樣就不用不斷地去井邊打水。眾人想要糧食，這樣就不用勞動維持生命。如今，人們仍然渴望耶穌基督，只是為了祂所能賜予的益處。
In His reply to their impetuous request, Jesus used two key words that often appear in this sermon: come and believe. To come to Jesus means to believe on Him, and to believe on Him means to come to Him. Believing is not merely an intellectual thing, giving mental assent to some doctrine. It means to come to Christ and yield yourself to Him. At the close of His sermon, Jesus illustrated coming and believing by speaking about eating and drinking. To come to Christ and believe on Him means to receive Him within, just as you receive food and drink. 耶穌在回答他們迫切的請求時，使用了這篇講道中經常出現的兩個關鍵字：來，相信。來到耶穌這裡意味著相信祂，相信祂意味著來到祂這裡。相信不只是一種理智上的事情，在精神上認同某些教義。它意味著來到基督這裡，並將自己降服於祂。在講道的結尾，耶穌以吃喝為例，說明了「來，相信」。來到基督面前並相信祂，意味著祂會進入你的內心，就像你領受食物和水一樣。
John 6:35 contains the first of seven great “I am” statements recorded by John, statements that are found nowhere else in the Gospels. (For the other six, see John 8:12; 10:7–9, 11–14; 11:25–26; 14:6; 15:1, 5.) God revealed Himself to Moses by the name I AM (Jehovah) (Ex. 3:14). God is the self-existent One who “is, and … was, and … is to come” (Rev. 1:8). When Jesus used the name “I am,” He was definitely claiming to be God. 約翰福音6:35包含了約翰所記錄的七個偉大的「我是」陳述中的第一個，這些陳述在福音書的其他任何地方都找不到。 （其餘六個陳述，參考約翰福音8:12；10:7-9，11-14；11:25-26；14:6；15:1，5。）上帝向摩西啟示了祂的名字「我是」（耶和華）（出埃及記3:14）。上帝是自有永有的，祂「昔在、今在、以後永在」（啟1:8）。當耶穌使用「我是」這個名字時，祂肯定是在宣稱自己是上帝。
John 6:37–40 contains Jesus’ explanation of the process of personal salvation. These are among the most profound words He ever spoke, and we cannot hope to plumb their depths completely. He explained that salvation involves both divine sovereignty and human responsibility. The Father gives men and women to the Son (John 6:37, 39; 17:2, 6, 9, 11–12, 24), but these men and women must come to Him, that is, believe on Him. He assured them that nobody who came to Him would ever be lost but would be raised at the last day. Even death cannot rob us of salvation! (In regard to the “last day,” see John 6:40, 44, 54. Jesus was referring to His return and the final events that climax God’s program for mankind.) 約翰福音6:37-40包含了耶穌對個人救贖過程的解釋。這些話語是祂所說的最深刻的話語之一，我們無法完全領悟其深意。祂解釋說，救贖既涉及神的主權，也涉及人的責任。父將人賜給子（約6:37, 39；17:2, 6, 9, 11-12, 24），但這些人必須來到祂這裡，也就是信靠祂。祂向他們保證，凡來到祂這裡的人，都不會滅亡，反而會在末日復活。即使死亡也不能奪去我們的救贖！ （關於“末日”，請參閱約翰福音6:40, 44, 54。耶穌指的是祂的再來，以及神為人類計劃的最終事件。）
From our human and limited perspective, we can not see how divine sovereignty and human responsibility can work together, but from God’s per spective, there is no conflict. When a church member asked Charles Spurgeon how he reconciled these two, he replied, “I never try to reconcile friends.” It is the Father’s will that sinners be saved (1 Tim. 2:4; 2 Peter 3:9) and that those who trust Christ be secure in their salvation. Believers receive eternal life, and Jesus can never lose them. 從我們人類有限的視角來看，我們無法理解神的主權和人的責任如何能夠並存，但從神的角度來看，兩者之間並不衝突。當一位教會成員問查爾斯‧司布真如何調和這兩者時，他回答說：「我從不試圖調解朋友之間的關係。」天父的旨意是要罪人得救（提摩太前書2:4；彼得後書3:9），並且要信靠基督的人得著救恩的保障。信徒將獲得永生，耶穌永遠不會失去他們。
Murmuring (vv. 41–51). Our Lord’s statement “For I came down from heaven” (John 6:38) disturbed the religious leaders, for they knew it was a claim of deity. They thought they knew Jesus, who He was and where He came from (see Matt. 13:53–58; John 7:40–43). Jesus, of course, was the legal son of Joseph but not his natural son, for He was born of a virgin (Luke 1:34–38). The leaders identified Jesus with Nazareth in Galilee, not Bethlehem in Judea, and they thought that Joseph was His natural father. Had they investigated the matter, they would have learned who Jesus really is. 抱怨（41-51節）。我們主的話語「因為我從天上降下來」（約翰福音6:38）讓宗教領袖們感到不安，因為他們知道這是神性的宣告。他們自以為認識耶穌，知道祂是誰，從哪裡來（參考馬太福音13:53-58；約翰福音7:40-43）。當然，耶穌是約瑟的合法兒子，但並非他的親生兒子，因為祂是由童貞女所生（路加福音1:34-38）。領袖們認為耶穌是加利利的拿撒勒人，而不是猶大的伯利恆人，他們認為約瑟才是耶穌的生父。如果他們調查此事，就能知道耶穌的真實身分。
Even in the days of Moses, the Jews were known for their murmuring (Ex. 15:24; 17:3; Num. 14:2). Perhaps the leaders and some of the crowd had now moved into the synagogue to continue the discussion. The main issue was, “Where did He come from?” Five times Jesus used the phrase “came down from heaven,” but they would not accept it. 即使在摩西時代，猶太人也以好發牢騷而聞名（出埃及記15:24；17:3；民14:2）。也許領袖們和一些群眾現在已經進入會堂繼續討論。主要的問題是：「祂從哪裡來？」耶穌五次使用「從天上降下來」這句話，但他們不接受。
Jesus further explained how the sinner can come to God: it is through the truth of the Word (John 6:44–45). The Father draws the sinner by His Word. Jesus quoted Isaiah 54:13 (or perhaps Jer. 31:33–34) to prove His point: “And they shall all be taught of God.” It is through the teaching of the Word that God draws people to the Savior. (Note John 5:24 and its emphasis on hearing the Word.) The sinner hears, learns, and comes as the Father draws him. A mystery? Yes! A blessed reality? Yes! 耶穌進一步解釋了罪人如何來到神面前：就是透過聖經的真理（約翰福音6:44-45）。天父用祂的話語吸引罪人。耶穌引用以賽亞書54:13（或許是耶利米書31:33-34）來證明祂的觀點：「他們都要蒙神的教訓。」正是透過教導神的話語，神吸引人們歸向救主。 （注意約翰福音5:24，它強調聆聽神的話語。）罪人聆聽、學習，並隨著天父的吸引而來。這是一個奧秘嗎？是的！一個蒙福的現實嗎？是的！
This was basically the same message He gave after He had healed the paralytic (see John 5:37–40). The crowd wanted to see something, but their real need was to learn something. It is by the Word that we “see” God and receive the faith to come to Christ and trust Him (Rom. 10:17). 這基本上與祂在治癒癱瘓者之後所傳講的信息相同（參考約翰福音5:37-40）。眾人想看到一些東西，但他們真正需要的是學習一些東西。正是透過神的話語，我們「看見」神，並獲得來到基督面前並信靠祂的信心（羅馬書10:17）。
When Jesus called Himself “the Living Bread,” He was not claiming to be exactly like the manna. He was claiming to be even greater! The manna only sustained life for the Jews, but Jesus gives life to the whole world. The Jews ate the daily manna and eventually died, but when you receive Jesus Christ within, you live forever. When God gave the manna, He gave only a gift, but when Jesus came, He gave Himself. There was no cost to God in sending the manna each day, but He gave His Son at great cost. The Jews had to eat the manna every day, but the sinner who trusts Christ once is given eternal life. 當耶穌稱自己為「生命的糧」時，祂並不是宣稱自己和嗎哪一模一樣。祂是在宣稱自己比嗎哪更偉大！嗎哪隻能維持猶太人的生命，而耶穌卻賜給全世界生命。猶太人每日吃嗎哪，最終死去，但當你接受耶穌基督住在你裡面時，你就會永遠活著。當神賜下嗎哪時，祂只是賜下一份禮物，但當耶穌降臨時，祂獻出了自己。上帝每天賜下嗎哪，並無任何代價，但祂賜下自己的兒子，卻付出了巨大的代價。猶太人必須每天吃嗎哪，但罪人只要信靠基督一次，就能得到永生。
It is not difficult to see in the manna a picture of our Lord Jesus Christ. The manna was a mysterious thing to the Jews; in fact, the word manna means “What is it?” (see Ex. 16:15). Jesus was a mystery to those who saw Him. The manna came at night from heaven, and Jesus came to this earth when sinners were in moral and spiritual darkness. The manna was small (His humility), round (His eternality), and white (His purity). It was sweet to the taste (Ps. 34:8), and it met the needs of the people adequately. 不難看出嗎哪像徵著我們的主耶穌基督。嗎哪對猶太人來說是神祕的；事實上，「嗎哪」這個字的意思是「它是什麼？」（參考出埃及記16:15）。對那些見過耶穌的人來說，他是一個謎。嗎哪在夜晚從天上降下，而耶穌降臨世間時，罪人們正處於道德和靈性的黑暗之中。嗎哪小巧（象徵祂的謙卑）、圓潤（象徵祂的永恆）、潔白（象徵祂的純潔）。它滋味甘甜（詩篇34:8），並且充分滿足了人們的需要。
The manna was given to a rebellious people; it was the gracious gift of God. All they had to do was stoop and pick it up. If they failed to pick it up, they walked on it. The Lord is not far from any sinner. All the sinner has to do is humble himself and take the gift that God offers. 嗎哪賜給了悖逆的子民；這是上帝所賜的恩典。他們只需彎腰撿起即可。如果他們撿不起來，就踩上去。主離任何罪人都不遠。罪人只需要謙卑自己，接受上帝所賜的禮物。
Jesus closed this part of His message by referring to His flesh, a word that will be used six more times before the dialogue is concluded. John 6:51 is a decla ration that the Son of God will give Himself as a sacrifice “for the life of the world.” The substitution ary death of Jesus Christ is a key doctrine in John’s gospel. Jesus would die for the world (John 3:16; 6:51), for His sheep (John 10:11, 15), for the nation (John 11:50–52), and for His friends (John 15:12). Paul made it personal, and so should we: “who loved me, and gave himself for me” (Gal. 2:20). We must not limit the work of Christ on the cross. He is the sacrifice not for our sins only, but also for the sins of the whole world (1 John 2:2). 耶穌以「祂的肉體」結束了這部分訊息，在對話結束之前，這個字還會被使用六次。約翰福音6:51宣告，神的兒子將「為世人的生命」獻出自己作為祭物。耶穌基督的替代之死是約翰福音的關鍵教導。耶穌將為世人（約翰福音3:16；6:51）、祂的羊（約翰福音10:11, 15）、國家（約翰福音11:50-52）和祂的朋友（約翰福音15:12）而死。保羅將耶穌的死視為個人的犧牲，我們也應該如此：「祂愛我，為我捨己」（加拉太書2:20）。我們絕不能限制基督在十字架上的工作。祂不只為我們的罪犧牲，也為全世界的罪犧牲（約翰一書2:2）。
Striving (vv. 52–59). The word striving means “to fight and quarrel.” Being orthodox Jews, the listeners knew the divine prohibition against eating human flesh or any kind of blood (Gen. 9:3–4; Lev. 17:10–16; 19:26). Here we have another example in John’s gospel of the people misunderstanding a spiritual truth by treating it literally (see John 2:19–21; 3:4; 4:11). All Jesus said was, “Just as you take food and drink within your body and it becomes a part of you, so you must receive Me within your innermost being so that I can give you life.” 奮鬥（52-59節）。 「奮鬥」一詞的意思是「打架和爭吵」。身為正統的猶太人，聽眾知道上帝禁止吃人肉或任何血（創世記 9:3-4；利未記 17:10-16；19:26）。這裡，我們又看到約翰福音中另一個例子，人們誤解了屬靈真理，按字面意思理解它（參考約翰福音 2:19-21；3:4；4:11）。耶穌只是說：「你們怎樣在身體裡吃喝，身體就成為你們的一部分，照樣，你們也要在內心深處接受我，使我賜給你們生命。」
Some interpreters tell us that Jesus was speaking about the Lord’s Supper, and that we eat His flesh and drink His blood when we partake of the elements at the table, the bread and the cup. I do not believe that Jesus had the Communion (or Eucharist) in mind when He spoke these words. 有些解經家認為耶穌指的是主的晚餐，當我們在餐桌上領受食物、餅和杯時，我們就吃祂的肉、喝祂的血。我不認為耶穌說這些話時想到的是聖餐（或聖體聖事）。
For one thing, why would He discuss the Lord’s Supper with a group of disagreeable unbelievers? He had not even shared that truth with His own disciples! Why would He cast this precious pearl before the swine? 首先，祂為什麼要和一群不和睦的非信徒討論主的晚餐呢？他甚至還沒有跟自己的門徒分享過這個真理！他為什麼要把這顆珍貴的珍珠丟在豬面前呢？
Second, He made it clear that He was not speaking in literal terms (John 6:63). He was using a human analogy to convey a spiritual truth, just as He did with Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman. 其次，他明確表示他不是在照字面意思說話（約翰福音 6:63）。他用人的比喻來傳達屬靈的真理，就像他對尼哥底母和撒瑪利亞婦人所做的那樣。
Third, Jesus made it plain that this eating and drinking were absolutely essential for eternal life. He made no exceptions. If, then, He was speaking about a church ordinance (or sacrament), then everybody who has never shared in that experience is spiritually dead and is going to hell. This would include all the Old Testament saints, the thief on the cross, and a host of people who have trusted Christ in emergency situa tions (hospitals, accidents, foxholes, etc.). I personally cannot believe that our gracious God has excluded from salvation all who cannot participate in a church ceremony. 第三，耶穌明確表示，吃喝對於永生是絕對必要的。他沒有例外。如果他說的是教會的聖禮（或聖禮），那麼所有從未經歷過這種經歷的人在靈裡都是死亡的，都會下地獄。這將包括所有舊約聖徒、十字架上的強盜，以及在緊急情況下（醫院、意外、戰壕等）信靠基督的眾多人。我個人無法相信我們仁慈的上帝將所有不能參加教會儀式的人排除在救恩之外。
Another factor is the tense of the Greek verbs in John 6:50–51 and 53. It is the aorist tense, which signifies a once-for-all action. The Communion serv ice is a repeated thing; in fact, it is likely that the early church observed the Lord’s Supper daily (Acts 2:46). 另一個因素是約翰福音 6:50-51 和 53 希臘文動詞的時態。它是過去式，表示一次完成的動作。聖餐儀式是重複的事情；事實上，早期教會很可能每天都舉行聖餐（使徒行傳 2:46）。
It is significant that the word flesh is never used in any of the reports of the Lord’s Supper, either in the Gospels or in 1 Corinthians 11:23–34. The word used is body. 值得注意的是，無論是在福音書或哥林多前書 11:23-34 中，關於聖餐的任何報道中都沒有使用「肉體」這個字。
If a person holds that our Lord was speaking about the Communion service, then he must believe that somehow the two elements, the bread and the fruit of the vine, turn into the very body and blood of Christ, for He said, “So he that eateth me, even he shall live by me” (John 6:57, italics mine). How does this “miracle” take place? What is the secret of accomplishing it? Why is it not apparent? 所用的詞是身體。如果有人認為我們的主在談論聖餐禮，那麼他必須相信麵包和葡萄果實這兩種元素會以某種方式變成基督的身體和血，因為祂說：「吃我食物的人也要因我活著」（約翰福音 6:57，斜體字是我加的）。這個「奇蹟」是如何發生的？完成它的秘訣是什麼？為什麼不明顯？
Our Lord’s messages recorded in the gospel of John are filled with symbolism and imagery. To take them literally is to make the same mistake the people made who first heard them. 約翰福音中記錄的我們主的信息充滿了象徵和意象。從字面上理解它們就會犯下與最初聽到它們的人同樣的錯誤。
Departing (vv. 60–71). Our Lord’s teaching was not hard to understand but hard to accept once you understood it. The Jewish religious leaders both mis understood His words and rejected them. They were “offended” by what He taught. (The Greek word is “scandalized.”) They stumbled over the fact that He claimed to come down from heaven. They also stum bled over the idea that they had to eat His flesh and drink His blood in order to be saved. But if they stumbled over these two matters, what would they do if they saw Him ascend back into heaven (John 6:62)? 離開（第 60-71 節）。我們主的教導並不難懂，但一旦理解就很難接受。猶太宗教領袖既誤解了祂的話，又拒絕接受。他們被祂的教導「冒犯」了。 （希臘文是「震驚」。）他們被祂自稱從天上降下來的事實絆倒了。他們也為必須吃祂的肉、喝祂的血才能得救的想法絆倒了。但是，如果他們在這兩件事上絆倒了，那麼如果他們看到祂升天（約翰福音6:62），他們會怎麼做呢？
Jesus explained that His language was figurative and spiritual, not literal. There is no salvation in “flesh.” In fact, the New Testament has nothing good to say about “the flesh.” There is nothing good in it (Rom. 7:18), and we must not have confidence in it (Phil. 3:3). 耶穌解釋說，祂的語言是比喻和屬靈的，而不是字面上的意思。 「肉體」沒有救恩。事實上，新約聖經對「肉體」沒有任何好的說法。它裡面沒有任何好處（羅馬書7:18），我們也不能信靠它（腓立比書3:3）。
How, then, do we “eat His flesh and drink His blood”? Through the Word. “The words that I speak unto you, they are spirit and they are life” (John 6:63). “And the Word was made flesh” (John 1:14). 那麼，我們如何「吃祂的肉、喝祂的血」呢？透過聖經。 「我對你們所說的話，就是靈，就是生命」（約翰福音6:63）。 「道成了肉身」（約翰福音1:14）。
Our Lord said the same thing: “He that heareth my word and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life” (John 5:24). The scribes who knew Jeremiah 31:31–34 would have understood the concept of receiving God’s Word into one’s inner being. 我們的主也說過同樣的話：「那聽我話、又信差我來者的，就有永生」（約翰福音5:24）。熟悉耶利米書31:31-34的文士一定明白將神的話語領入內心的概念。
The result of this message was the loss of most of our Lord’s disciples. They went back to the old life, the old religion, and the old hopeless situation. Jesus Christ is “the way” (John 14:6), but they would not walk with Him. This was no surprise to the Lord, because He knows the hearts of all people. 這信息的結果是，我們主的門徒大多失去了生命。他們回歸了舊有的生活、舊有的宗教和舊有的絕望處境。耶穌基督是「道路」（約翰福音14:6），但他們不願意與祂同行。這對主來說並不意外，因為祂洞悉所有人的心。
Peter was one of several people who declared their belief that Jesus is the Son of God (see John 1:34, 49; 3:18; 5:25; 9:35; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 19:7; 20:31). The only mistake he made was to bear witness for the entire group. Peter was sure that all of the apostles were believers, which shows how convincing Judas was. Even Peter did not know that Judas was an unbeliever! 彼得是幾個宣稱相信耶穌是神兒子的人之一（參考約翰福音1:34, 49；3:18；5:25；9:35；10:36；11:4, 27；19:7；20:31）。他唯一的錯誤就是為整個團體作見證。彼得確信所有使徒都是信徒，由此可見猶大的說服力有多麼強。連彼得都不知道猶大不是信徒！
When Jesus asked His twelve apostles if they planned to desert Him too, it was Peter who spoke up and declared their faith. Where else could they go? “Thou hast the words of eternal life.” Peter got the message! He knew that Jesus was speaking about the Word and not about literal flesh and blood. 當耶穌問十二使徒是否也打算背叛他時，彼得站出來宣告了他們的信仰。他們還能去哪裡呢？ 「你有永生之道。」彼得明白了！他知道耶穌講的是道，而不是關於血肉之軀。
The preaching of the Word of God always leads to a sifting of the hearts of the listeners. God draws sinners to the Savior through the power of truth, His Word. Those who reject the Word will reject the Savior. Those who receive the Word will receive the Savior and experience the new birth, eternal life. 傳講上帝的話語總是會篩選聽眾的心。上帝藉著真理的力量－祂的話語－吸引罪人歸向救主。拒絕話語的人，就是拒絕救主。接受話語的人，就是接受救主，並經歷新生和永生。
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