222 英语词类基本应用 (十六 ) Function Words in English 英語中的功能詞

222  英语词类基本应用 (十六 )  Function Words in English     英語中的功能詞      9/27/2019

Our lovely Lord Jesus, You are the Son of God. Have a mercy on me, preventing me often falling into the lure of the devil, guilty of sinful nature. Please let me always thinking of Your holiness in my daily prayers, as the example of my behavior.  Be Your obedient son, always humble before You, to obey Your command, and to resist against Satan. Ask Your mercy to let me serving You with all my soul with honesty for the rest of my life.  Have a mercy on me, to open my spiritual eyes that can see and know Your second coming soon, to preach Your Gospel for preparing Your coming, and to let the gospel spread throughout all of the world. Pray in the name of the Lord Jesus.  Amen.

我们亲爱的主耶稣,  祢是上帝的儿子.  求祢怜悯孩子常常堕落在魔鬼的引诱, 沉迷于眼目情欲的罪中. 求祢叫孩子在每日的祷告中, 思想祢的圣洁, 学习祢的榜样, 成为祢顺命的儿子, 永远谦卑在祢的脚前, 遵守祢的命令, 来抗拒敌挡撒旦.  求祢使孩子能一生一世用心灵和诚实事奉祢. 开孩子的灵眼, 能看见并知道祢快要再来, 好好的预备祢的再来, 让祢的福音传遍世界. 奉主耶稣的名祈祷.  阿门.

Preface

The Gospel of Mark is just the book for busy people who want to use every opportunity to serve God.  It presents our Lord “on the move,” meeting the physical and spiritual needs of all kinds of people.  Mark depicts Him as God’s Suffering Servant who came not to be ministered to, but to minister – even to the extent of giving His life for us on the cross.

前言

马可福音是为那些世上想要利用每一个机会来侍奉上帝的人所写的书。书卷中充满我们的主 “即刻行动”，来满足各种人的属世和属灵两方面的需求。马可把耶稣描绘成上帝受苦的仆人，祂来不是为了受人服事，而是要服事人 --- 甚至在十字架上为我们赎罪而牺牲祂的生命。

Our world is filled with hurting people who need our ministry. Jesus left His church on earth so that we might continue the  ministry He started.  However, I fear that in the church today, we have too many spectators  and not enough participants, too many celebrities and not enough servants.

我们的世界充满了需要人去服事的受伤害者。耶稣将祂的教会留在世上，为的是让我们能继续祂已经开始的事工。可是，我担心在今天的教会里，有太多观望的人，而没有足够的参与者，太多的名人, 却没有足够的仆人。

This is the first of my BE books to be written on a word processor, and this would have been very difficult for me were it not for the able assistance of my neighbor, Scott Florell, who is a computer expert.  Scott is a busy student at the university of  Nebraska, but he has taken time to teach me and help me understand and solve my computer problems.  This is but one of many ways in which Scott has enrich our lives, and I want to register my appreciation here.

这是作者在 “BE” 专题下用计算机文字输入写的第一本书，如果没有作者邻居计算机专家,司各特(Scott Florell)的大力帮助，对作者来说, 写书的工作非常困难(译者注: 作者生于5/16/1929而死于5/16/2019, 享年90, 于2004年撰写 “Be Diligent” 已是75岁高龄, 用手来写书应该是非常困难)。司各特是内布拉斯加(Nebraska)大学的非常忙碌的学生，但却花很多的时间教我，帮助我理解和解决计算机的问题。这只是司各特在我们共同生活中的众多方面使它丰富有趣之一，在这里我想表达深切感激之情于万一。

If our time together studying Mark’s Gospel in this volume encourages you to be diligent in your own ministry to others, then the time has not been wasted.  May our Lord enable all of us to be servant for His glory!      Warren W. Wiersbe.

如果在我们共同研究马可福音时, 能鼓你在自己的事奉中辛勤快速的付出，那么时间就没有浪费。愿我们的主能使所有的人成为使祂得荣耀的仆人！                        华伦 . W. 威尔斯比(Warren W. Wiersbe)。

很对不起访友, 编辑者又回到英语词类的基本应用的重要主题上, 因为还有功能词类(function words) 介词和连词未涉及.  所以把讲解英翻中的问题延后. 

在英语语法里, 功能词类是用来在句子中, 与其它词字的语法的结构及关系的词类.  据雅各.彭礼培( James Pennebaker)的解说,  "功能字词占所有字汇的百分之一的十分之一( one-tenth of 1 percent), 但使用频率却占英语总字汇的百分之六十."  可見其重要性.  常用的介词有 at、by、for、from、under、without、with、to、while、during、 between、 within、 through、 over、 across、 around、 into  等; 而常用的连词, 如, and、 but、 for、 yet、 neither、 or、 so、 whence、 although、 however、 as、 because 等.

 

介词(Prepositions)

介词常常置放在含名词或代名词及其它修饰词的介词短语的前面, 所以中文翻译又称为前置词.  其在句中的重要性由其使用的频繁可知. 它是用来说明句中字与字, 或词与词的关系. 有了它使句子增色不少. 

      例如:

        The river flows through the woods.   该河流经这森林. 

        (该句中  “through the woods,”是介词短语.  "through" 是介词,  用以说明  “river” 与 “woods” 的关系.) 

        She found the spoon under the kitchen table.  她发现义子在厨房桌子下.

        (句中  “under the kitchen table”是介词短语.  " under " 是介词,  用以说明  “the spoon” 与 “the kitchen table” 的关系.

        It was the morning before the wedding.   是结婚日的前一个早晨.

        (句中  “before the wedding”是介词短语. " before" 是介词,  用以说明 “the morning” 与 “the wedding” 的关系.)

        We saw a blue bird in the sycamore tree.  我们看见在小无花果树中有只蓝色鸟.

        (该句中  “in the sycamore tree”是介词短语.  " in " 是介词,  用以说明 “a blue bird” 与 “the sycamore tree” 的关系.)

练习:  试将适当的介词填入句中空格内.  且在因它造成的短语画上底线.

           (Filling the blank with a preposition. Underline the phrase it introduces.)

1. Charlotte Bronte, the author of Jane Eyre (简爱) lived _____ 1816 to 1855.

2. Charlotte was the eldest ­­­____  the four Bronte sisters.

3.  ______ their childhood, Charlotte and her sister Emily attended a school that both girls hated   because _____ its inhumane treatment ____ the students.

4. Charlotte wrote a scathing account _____ this heartless school ____      her book, Jane Eyre.

5. _____ 1842 Charlotte went _____ Brussels.

6. She worked ____ a while _____ a governess there.

7. Her heroine Jane also spent most ______ her time ______ a governess.

8. Charlotte returned home soon _____ Brussels.

9. She was needed desperately _____ her blind father, alcoholic brother, and   

gravely ill sisters.

10. The sisters tried publishing a book ____ poems, but were unsuccessful.

11. The sisters then returned ______ writing fiction, and each produced a novel.

12. Charlotte's first book, The Professor, was flatly and coldly refused ____ the publishers.

13. Her next novel, Jane Eyre, was very successful; _____ it she received  much fame and praise.