52 英文文法应用(六)段落的编写 (writing a paragraph)

52 英文文法应用(六)段落的编写 (writing a paragraph)                                         12/24/2014

编辑者是有基督信仰的, 今向各位朋友报告一个大好的信息, 就是耶稣基督降生了.圣经上的路加福音2章10-11节清楚的告诉── 那天使对他们说：「不要惧伯！我报给你们大喜的信息,是关乎万民的；因今天在大卫的城里,为你们生了救主,就是主基督.他们要看见一个婴孩, 包着布,卧在马槽里,那就是记号了. 」每到这个时候, 没有思想到如何来找借口自己享乐, 而是想到祂为我们的罪走十字架来到人世.

编辑者能在这里与各位朋友们一同讨论英文文法,都是基督耶稣所赐的恩典. 祂拯救我脱离罪, 多次逃过死亡, 并赐智能及恩师邓老师开我学英文的门径. 永远记得恩师在空闲时与我练习英文会话, 使我领悟到英文口语的构成与文章编写的不同.“没有动词就说它不是句子” , 当说这句话时须要谨慎.因为文法是为语文而设的, 不是语文为文法而设的. 活的语文不是像学校里的练习题那幺样的呆板. 在实际的谈话中, 我们所用的表现法有时没有动词而意思却仍然完整无缺. 只要对方领会,就把动词省略了, 不说出来.

谈到英文文章的段落编写, 必须要了解段落有一定的结构, 也就是要了解段落中必定有一主句 (topic sentence) 说明该段落的主要意思, 一般都位于首句.

例如:Wasting time is easy to do.Furthermore one can't grab it and keep it.

Time flows silently and continuously. We can only catch up to it and walk along with it.If we are late for one second, time will go on without us.

[翻译]:时间是很容易浪费的.因为你不能抓住它, 和把它保存起来.

它永远是那样无声地继续的流走.你只有赶上去, 与它同行.

否则, 稍一停顿,就错过了不少光阴.

对照中, 英文的两段文章, 你会领悟到第一句是该段的主句.

摘自 “导向月刋” 161期,1月1999年出版. 主编 : 史涤然女士( Mrs, Evelyn O. Shin )所选写的专栏 “末了的话” 内的一篇 ‘时间即生命’.

再摘自: The Logan Journal, Utah, Friday , January 4, 1991.ANN LANDERS 专栏的三段加以证实:

例如:

Maturity is humility. It is being big enough to say, "I was wrong.” And,

when right, the mature person need not experience the satisfaction of

saying, "I told you so.”

[翻译]:成熟的人是谦逊的.它会足够大胆坦白的说,“我错了.”

而且,当他是对的时候,成熟的人不必要去体验以目中无人的满

意的心态来说：“我早已告诉你过. ”

对照中, 英文的两段文章, 你都会领悟到第一句是该段的主句.

例如:

Maturity is the ability to make a decision and follow through. The

immature spend their lives exploring endless possibilities and then do nothing.

[翻译]:成熟是作出决定, 有坚定不移能完成它的能力.未成熟的人

用他们一生都在探索无限的可能性,然后什幺也不做.

对照中, 英文的两段文章, 你都会领悟到第一句是该段的主句.

例如:

Maturity means dependability, keeping one's word and coming through in a crisis. The immature are masters of the alibi. They are conflicted and disorganized. Their lives are a maze of broken promises, former friends, unfinished business and good intentions that never materialize.

[翻译]:成熟是有可靠性, 守信用, 尽管在危机中也是如此.未成

熟的是常找借口的主人.他们常常是互相冲突和杂乱无章.他们

的生命是一个不守信实的迷宫, 以前的朋友, 未竟的事业和良

好的愿望都从未实现.

对照中, 英文的两段文章, 你都会领悟到第一句是该段的主句.

[ 注 ]: 以上所举的例子都是作者千锤百炼的精心杰作英文句, 敬请牢记.

51 英文文法应用七: 欣赏短文 (reading concise article)

51 英文文法应用七: 欣赏短文 (reading concise article)                                          12/16/2014

欣赏短文 “Time Is Life”, 用文法加以说明, 肯定能增进你的阅读能力.

(该短文摘自 “导向月刋” 161期, 1月1999年出版. 史涤然女士( Mrs, Evelyn O. Shin )  “末了的话” 专栏内的一篇.) 

                       Time Is Life   原文用蓝色; 注释用黑色

      主句 ‘topic sentence’ 简单句   介词短语

　  How do we measure one's life?  With time.

[注释] : 短句.  ‘How’是疑问副词. ‘do’ 是问句语气的助动词.  ‘With time’ 介词短语.  介词 ‘with’ 应放在名词time的前面.  ‘With time.” 本该是 ‘It is with time.’ 明显省略 ‘ It is’. 真是有力的短句. 

                    独立子句 (有底线)

　　Although the length of one's life isn't necessarily equated with one's value if one

(以if 开头为附属副词子句)    独立子句(有底线)  (以that开头为附属名词子句)

achieves a life of value in a short time we can be sure “that he or she has fully used the

                                      该段的主句 (每段应有一主句.)

time available.”     Therefore to waste times is to waste one's own life.  

[注释] : ‘Therefore’            [因此] 引进句子的副词.

                   ‘to waste times’        是无限式短语──作主语

           ‘to waste one's own life’ 是无限式短语──作主语的同位语.    

　          　………… (省略了一段) 

主句, “Wasting time” 动名词短语作主语.  合句=两个独立子句(有底线)用and连接

　　Wasting time is easy to do.  Furthermore one can't grab it and keep it.
    短句(合宾语用and连接)        合句=两个独立子句(有底线)用and连接

Time flows silently and continuously. We can only catch up to it and walk along with it.

     复句 =独立子句(有底线) + 以if 开头为附属副词子句

If we are late for one second, time will go on without us.     

主句(合句用or连结)                                          合复句(注释在该段尾)

　We can't deposit time or charge against it.  We live in it and spend it as we please but

                                                   简单句

time cannot be taken home to save for later use. God's justice shows the most in "time".

        简单句                                     简单句

Everyone has 24 hours a day.  Rich people are not able to buy time from the poor.

复句 = 独立子句(有底线) +(以how引进附属副词子句)          简单句

Furthermore no one knows how much time is left for him or her. A ten-year project or

( 合主语用or 连接)      

five-year plan is not a guarantee.

[注释:] 是合复句── 三个独立子句和一个附属子句.

两个独立子句用and 连接; 另一个独立子句与前两个独立子句以but连接.

“as we please” = as 引进附属副词子句

    主句为复句, 独立子句(有底线); that 引进附属名词子句作主语同位语用      　　
So it seems that the best thing we can do is cherish our present time.

虚拟语句(注释在该段尾), 括孤内句子为直接引语 (首字大写), 为假设语气的复句

We could ask ourselves,  "What would I do if I only had tree months to live?"

简单句(有底线), would 为will 的过去时制虚拟语助动词          简单句

With this condition we would discover the priority of using time well. At the same time

      简单句                              简单句

I don't advise being a workaholic.  We need to spend our time wisely.  A life balanced

因 as well as 的原因, 该动词依前行词 for working 单数, 不用复数动词

with times for resting and exercising as well as for working uses time most effectively.

[虚拟语句注释:]  could 为can 的过去时制作虚拟语表现法.

What would I do独立子句(有底线) would 为will 的过去时制用作虚拟问句语气的助动词.

if I only had tree months to live? if 和had(have的过去时制)用作虚拟语的副词子句. 

           主句为复句,  附属名词子句作主语, 省略了that; 独立子句(有底线)

　　Since time is so precious the best gift we can give to our families is time.

复句命令语句(注释在本段尾)          简单句                简单句

Remember time is life.  Family members are part of one's life.  They have the right to

time不可数   省略and    lives是life的多数

occupy our time to share our lives.

 [注释] : 附属名词子句作命令句的宾语, 省略that. 

             感叹语句 

Have a sharing happy new year!   

练习五

找出下列各句中的附属子句, 在其下加底线.  并示明其为名词子句, 或副词子句, 或形容词子:

1. Joseph has a brown sweater that his grandmother knitted.

2. If you listen carefully to the directions, you should do well on this assignment.

3. I practiced my music lesson daily until I could play the selection perfectly.

4. The computer teacher already knows what the problem is.

5. The jewelry that my mother lost was worth a great deal of money.

6. John always eats hot dogs when he attends a basketball game.

7. Mr. Wang read the announcement of the winners to whomever would listen.

8. Mr. Wang's voice cracked as he read the winners.