Sunday, December 9, 2018

205 英语语法应用 (六) Verbal Aspects and Tenses 动词方面和时制


205 英语语法应用 ()    Verbal Aspects and Tenses    动词方面和时制           12/9/2018

我们的慈悲天父谢谢祢赐给孩子主耶稣, 祂道成肉身,  来到世上为孩子的罪钉死在十字架上.  感谢祢赐下祢独生爱子, 以祢的大爱拯救我我要荣耀祢的名祢的名是配得荣耀的,  因为祢是大有怜悯的上帝在祢没有难成的事.  奉主耶稣的圣名祈求.  阿门.

编辑者还有一个月就是八十九岁的基督信仰的人, 我还要荣耀上帝的名, 为祂作见证, 这博客不是我所能做的, 是上帝的旨意, 祂要藉我来显明祂的存在, 祂的大能. 是上帝赐给孩子一位如父亲的英文老师, 就显出了祂的大爱.  上帝让我继续留存活在这世上, 一定有祂的美意. 

六十四年前初三时, 我的英文老师为勉励我们学习英语, 第一堂课就在黑板上写下两句座右铭,           
                       To Study as if you were to Live forever.    (不断学习好似永遠活著)
           To Live as if you were to Die tomorrow.    (爱习生命好似明日将死)

这是上帝藉他告诉我, 生命是主耶稣基督所赐,  非常可贵, 要珍惜生命, 要继续荣耀祂的名, 絶不可停止.  要活出主耶稣的样式, 用祂赐给的智能,  以基督耶稣的爱完全的付出.  并且用上帝赐给我的悟性及生命来写出学习英文的心得.

2011年起, 到如今2018年尾, 共七年来未曾停的思想如何将英文文法说得清楚.   慢慢领悟出, 原来英语语法是活的,  虽然动词在时制及方面上有十二种形式,  但是, 在应用上使用较多的, 可说有五类.
      例如:
          如何分辨 “I did” “I have done” 来表达简单过去时制, 和现在完了方面. 前一句我用动词时制来说明它,  后一句却用动词方面.  它们在应用上是不同的,  不能混淆.  它们在我国语言里只加上两个字来表显, 因为我国的字是不会在字形上有变动的, 所以分不出其在时制方面有什幺不同.  英文却用 “did” “done” 分别出来.     “done” 不能表示时间是过去, 现在或未来, 而是说该动词的状况”.  换句话说是动词方面.
          什幺时候用 “I do” “ I will do”来表达现在时制或将来, 和决心动词方面.
          还有就是什幺时候用 “I was doing”这种罕见的加强动词方面的应用等.

          []:  在这五类中, 以简单过去时制使用得最为频繁.  例如,  在新约圣经约翰福音第一章114节主题道成了肉身.

                                    The Word Became Flesh   道成了肉身

1  In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. In him was life, and that life was the light of all mankind. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. There was a man sent from God whose name was John. He came as a witness to testify concerning that light, so that through him all might believeHe himself was not the light; he came only as a witness to the light.
The true light that gives light to everyone was coming into the world.10 He was in the world, and though the world was made through him, the world did not recognize him. 11 He came to that which was his own, but his own did not receive him. 12 Yet to all who did receive him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God— 13 children born not of natural descent, nor of human decision or a husband’s will, but born of God. 14 The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.
【註】:  籃色是表示過去時制動詞.  紅色是表示其他類型的動詞或動詞短語.
中文翻译圣经如下:
1  上帝 上帝
上帝
上帝
他不
10 
11 
12  ,就 上帝
13  ,不
  上帝
14    
 

[] : 在中文翻译的圣经中, 对过去或现在, 没有显明的分别, 只能意味.  但在英语中, 35个动词, 其中只有shines, gives是用现在时制.  其它不是用简单过去就是用现在完了动词方面, 及过去时制的被动状态.
编辑者学习英语多靠读英文圣经, 我举这段圣经是要告诉访友们, 学习写句子要从简易的过去时制开始.  因为世上发生的事, 多数已成过去.
多年学习英语, 近来更是专心在互联网上苦苦寻找资料. 想把just, already, yet这三个字的用法仔细的分别出来, 如今有方法了, 藉用简单过去和现在完了动词方面来显明它.  
Just = a short time ago (不久以前, 刚刚)
Already = before you expected / before I expected(比所盼望要早些)
Yet = until now (到现在还没发生, 但说者祈望早一点), 它们都是与过去时制有关.
      例如:
              just在下面的会话中的使用:
                    David: Are Mary and Paul here?    
       大卫: 玛利亚和保罗到了吗?
                    Ruth:   Yes, they’ve just arrived.  or,   Yes, they just arrived. 
                       路得:   來, 现在刚刚到了.        或,      来了, 刚刚到.
               第二句还可以这样写 :
                    Ruth:   Yes, they’ve just arrived (但在这里不可以写a minute ago.)
                                Yes, they ( ‘just’可以省掉) arrived a minute ago. 

              already 在下面的会话中的使用:
                    David:  What time are Mary and Paul coming?  
       大卫: 玛利亚和保罗什幺时候来?
                    Ruth  :  They’ve already arrived.  or,   They already arrived.
                       路得:   他们现在已经早到了(比预期时间要早些.)   或,  他们早到了.         
               第二句还可以这样写 :
                    Ruth:   They’ve already arrived (但不可以加时间副词短语 an hour ago.)
                                They ( ‘already’可以省掉) arrived an hour ago.

             yet在下面的会话中使用:
                    David:  Are Mary and Paul here?           
       大卫: 玛利亚和保罗到了吗?
                    Ruth  :  No, they haven’t arrived yet.       They didn’t arrive yet.
                       路得:   没有, 他们现在还未到呢. (比预期时间要迟些)
                    []:  yet 还可以用在问句及否定句中.  这字多位于句子的尾部.
             例如 :
                    Have Mary and Paul arrived yet?   
                    Did Mary and Paul arrive yet?   
        

   

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