英语语法进深──博客
名词的可数与否曾在“英文文法”博客中“名词概论”(于11/03/2011帖出的第7讲)及“名词的数”(于11/06/2011帖出的第8讲) 两讲中有详细的说明. 至于 a , an 及 the的如何用在名词的规范中(于1/08/2012帖出的第28讲)与(于1/11/2012帖出的第29讲)曾在 “形容词概论”及 “定冠词”两讲中有基本的讲解. 编辑者认为在 “英语语法进深” 博客中, 应对名词与冠词在生活会话中的实际关系加强讨论. 故拟用三讲来阐明. 把名词的重点用有趣的方式向我国的有心学英语的年轻朋友们说明.
可数名词与如何使用冠词的问题, 比较容易解决, 因为它们很明显的有单数及复数两类. 如, 可数名词apple, banana, 和 pear等: 若为单数, 其前面须加不定冠词 a 和an, 成为 an apple (该字的第一个字母是读辅音, 用an), a banana, 和 a pear. 必须注意不能单独使用没有a 和an在它们前面的单数可数名词. 若论及它们与“The”在一块使用, 就要加以周详思考. 要找出它们是否受到限制; 换句话说,要确定它们是否在句子中受到有关的特殊限制. 例如, I like bananas. 就没有冠词, 因为它不是单数, 又没有确定是特殊的香蕉. 若写作如, I had a banana for lunch. The banana was delicious. 这第二句为什幺要加“The”在 banana的前面? 因为确定是在中饭吃的那香蕉.
不可数的名词(如, 质词‘mass-word’水, 空气等; 抽象名词‘abstract noun’ 爱, 健康等; 和专有名词‘proper noun’ 特殊的人或地或物的名字如, Shanghai, Newton等), 因为它们只有单数表达的形式, 却不能在它们前面加a或an不定冠词. 它们不会有复数表达，也就是说没有后面加“s” 的形式供你参考来分辨它们是复数.
总之, 可数名词有单数及复数, 须要熟练它们的如何由单数变成复数的各种方法. 对我国学生来讲在这方面容易出错. 所以要真正学好冠词的使用并不容易. 若在桌旁有本较好的词典作参考比较有帮助, 能背名词由单数变成复数的各种规则很好. 因为这样做才能在写句子时少出错. 至于对不可数的名词的使用冠词方面比较不易捉摸, 多读, 多写和多听, 再加上悟性, 举一反三的长期专心学习, 才能达到灵活运用的目标.
可数名词只有一个时, 称为单数, 它的前面要加a或an. 切记不可以用没有不定冠词在前面的单数名词在句子中.
例如 :She never wears a hat. (不可写 'She never wears hat')
What a beautiful day!
I've got a headache.
I'm an optimist.
His father is a doctor.
Are you a good driver?
Steve is a really nice person.
习题四十九 :
当下列句中需要在某处加冠词时, 试填入适当的a, an或 the :1. Would you like apple? an apple. 范例
2. How often do you go to dentist? ───.
3. Could you close door, please? ───.
4. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to do that. It was mistake ───.
5. Excuse me, where is bus station, please? ───.
6. I've got problem. Can you help me? ───.
7. I'm just going to post office. I won't be long ───.
8. There were no chairs, so we had to sit on floor. ───.
9. Have you finished with book I lent you? ───.
10. My sister has just got job in bank in
表达不可数名词的单数计量的方法不能直接在它们前面加不定冠词, 而必须用
全体中的一部分来表达(partitive) 如, a bottle of water; a bowl of rice; a loaf of
bread等.
例如 : I want a bottle of water.
He buys a loaf of bread.
Mary eats a bowl of rice.
不可数名词的复数无法表达, 因为它们不能在字尾加“s”. 它们的使用是依据该不可数名词是否被限定. 下一讲章予以详细讨论.
习题五十 :
试填入适当的冠词 a, an或 the :
1. a. This house is very nice. Does it have a garden? 范例
b. It's a beautiful day. Let's sit in ＿＿ garden. c. I like living in this house but it's a pity that ＿＿ garden is so small.
2. a. Can you recommend ＿＿ good restaurant?
b. We had dinner in ＿＿ very nice restaurant.
c. We had dinner in ＿＿ most expensive restaurant in town.
3. a. She has ＿＿ French name but in fact she's English, not French.
b. What's ＿＿ name of that man we met yesterday?
c. We stayed at a very nice hotel - I can't remember ＿＿ name now.
4. a. There isn't ＿＿ airport near where I live ＿＿ nearest airport is 70 miles away.
b. Our plane was delayed. We had to wait at ＿＿ airport for three hours.
c. Excuse me, please. Can you tell me how to get to ＿＿ airport?
5. a. 'Are you going away next week?' 'No, ＿＿ week after next.'
b. I'm going away for ＿＿ week in September.
c. George has a part-time job. He works three mornings ＿＿ week.
No comments:
Post a Comment