英语语法进深──博客
81 代名词与其先行词的一致性 (二)
要学好英文, 必须在代名词上面下功夫, 把它的用法以勤做练习来掌握它. 现把所有不到八十个的代名词分类列于下面, 以供参考:
代名词类型
人称代名词
第一人称 : I, me, my, mine 和 多数 we, us, our,
ours
第二人称 : you, your, yours 和 多数 you, your,
yours
第三人称 : he, him, his, she, her, hers,
it, its 和 多数 they, them, their, theirs
本身, 强势 和 反身代名词
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
关系代名词
what, who, whose, whom, which, that
不定代名词
all both everything nobody several
another each few none some
any each one many no one somebody
anybody either most nothing someone
anyone everybody much one something
anything everyone neither other such
疑问代名词
who, whose, whom, which, what
指示代名词
this, that,
these, those
代名词是用来代替或代表名词的. 当你使用它们时, 必须要把它们所代表的人,事,物非常清楚的和有效的显示给读者或听的人, 令他们不会误解. 换句话说, 在交谈或写文章时用到代名词时, 必须加入清晰的先行词给以阐明, 要在意念上完全一致. 否则句子的意义会含糊不清, 反而失去了使用代名词使句子简洁明暸的目的.
例如 :
The woman put
on her hat.
(先行词 woman 与 代名词 her 都是单数 , 女性, 第三人称是一致的)
The women put on their hats.
(先行词 women 与 代名词 their 都是复数 , 第三人称是一致的)
The boy misplaced his tickets.
(先行词 boy 与 代名词 his 都是单数 , 男性, 第三人称是一致的)
The boys misplaced their tickets.
(先行词 boys 与 代名词 their 都是复数 ,第三人称是一致的)
这些代名词 no 和 none; nothing 和 nobody 是不定代名词, 其代表的名词不确定, 在应用上须要注意. 例如, 使用 no 要加上名词.
We had to
walk home because there was no bus.
(等于说“那里没有共公汽车, 我必须走路回家”.)
I can’t talk to you now. I have no time.
(等于说“我现在太忙 或‘我现在没有任何时间’,不能与你交谈.”)
在句子前也可以使用 no 加上 名词.
例如 :
No
cars are allowed in the city center.
The plane was late . No reason
was given for the delay.
使用 none 时, 不必在其后加名词; 但可在其后加介词短语. 若介词 of 的賓语是复数时, 其后动词可以是单数或复数.
例如 :
“How much money do you have?” “None.”
None of this money is mine.
None of the stores were (或 was) open.
在应用 nothing 和 nobody 时应注意不可再用否定的动词, 形成双重否定的冗赘.
例如 :
I said nothing. (不能用 'I didn't say nothing')
Nobody tells me. (不能用 'Nobody doesn't tell me.')
习题六十三
试填入
no 或 none 以完成下列各句子:
1. It was a public holiday, so there were no
shops open. 范例
2. We took a few pictures but ____of them
were very good.
3. What a stupid thing to do! ____
intelligent person would do such a thing.
4. I'll try and answer ____ questions you ask
me.
5. I couldn't answer ____ of the questions
they asked me.
6. We cancelled the party because ____ of the
people we invited were able to come.
all 和 most 等不定代名词的习惯用法 : 在 all 后面可以加复数名词; most 可与介词短语一并使用, 它后面用的动词是单数或复数,要依它们所用介词 of 的賓语的 “数” 来认定(如下例用底线所表示).
例如 :
All cars have wheels. (不可以说 'all of cars'.)
Most of the food complaints are coming from the seniors.
Most of the tabletop is
sticky with melted ice scream.
又如,
Most
tourists don't visit this part of the town. (不可以说 'the most tourists' )
Most
of my friends live in Taipei
习题六十四
试用下列所给的各字填入以完成该句子字. 若需要 most of 也可使用.
cars,
her friends, birds, my spare time, large cities, European countries
1. All cars have wheels. 范例
2. I spend most ____ gardening.
3. Not many people live in the north of the
country. Most ___live in the south,
4. Not all ____ can fly. For example, the
penguin can't fly.
5. Sarah travels a lot. She has been to most
____.
6. Taipei, like most ____ has a traffic
problem.
