135 英语语法应用(二十二)

135 英语语法应用(二十二)  篇章写作练习(三)                7/22/2015

Heavenly Father,

Thank you for your grace. Please let me know that I ought to live life in the presence despite of circumstances– accepting things as they are. Stop worrying but trust Your love. How often I have forgotten that You have a plan on my life and You want me simply be. Whatever I believe that I ought to do, Lord, You will enable.

In the name of Jesus Christ I pray, Amen.

[註]:  Your 字的 “y”字母大寫, 是因為用它表示上帝的尊稱.

to go grocery 去杂货店    supermarket 超级市场      scale  秤     grapefruit  葡萄柚

        shopping 买东西               shopper 购买者            pushcart推車    tomato 蕃茄

to shop  去买东西             clerk   售貨員                  kilo      公斤    carrot  红萝卜

to add (up) 加上去            cashier 收银员             pound 磅            celery  芹菜

the bill 帐单                       checker 检验员       liter 升      (head of) lettuce 一棵生菜

to wait in line 排队      cash register 收款机     quart 夸      (head of) cabbage 一棵白菜

to weigh  称                       price    价钱                 fruit   水果          spinach   菠菜

to slice             切开           purchase    买卖  vegetable 蔬菜            cauliflower白花菜

to peel             削                purse 口袋                 milk  牛奶             apron  围裙

to leave            离去           groceries   食物市场        meat   肉               pencil   铅笔

to drop            扔下            frozen foods泠涷食物       apple  蘋果          ear  耳朵

to collect         收集            can   罐头                         banana 香蕉          family  家

to push  推                          canned goods罐头食品     peach  桃子

to defrost        去霜             bag  提袋            pear  梨子         neither. . .nor  既不…又不

to melt             解涷            sack      一袋               orange  橘子     weekly  周日

对照图画回答下列问题(不要简答如, yes 或 no)

1. Describe some of the people whom you see in this drawing.

   试描述图中的人物.

2. What has the boy done? 那男孩在做什么?

3. Who is wearing an apron and what is he doing?  谁穿围裙, 他在做什么?

4. Why does the clerk have a pencil behind his ear? 为什么售貨员把铅笔放在耳朵上?

5. What is happening at the cash register?  在收款机處发生了什么事?

6. What groceries has the woman in the foreground put in the pushcart? 

   在那妇人的推车中有些什么水果?

7. What is she doing with her right hand?  Her left hand?她右手在做什么? 左手呢?

8. What do you suppose this woman is thinking?  你试猜想这妇人在想什么?

建议篇章题目 :  为什么我不愿意(或喜欢)做一位杂货店收银员(cashier)?

英语语法在篇章写作上常犯的错误是动词时制的用得不对.  语法上讲得很清楚, 现在式只用在表示常发生的事件, 例如, 习惯, 不变的定律等等. 一般篇章写作较为常用的时制是过去式. 今举例说明动词时制使用的一致性.

例如: 下面的段落篇章写作发生的错误是我国学生很不容易发现的.

      My nearest approach to death came last summer.  I was walking slowly down a little-traveled country road when a car came suddenly over the rise in the road.  It dashes wildly down the road, careening and twisting as if its driver is crazy.  I think he is going to strike me, and I jump across the ditch and over the fence.  Thus, I saved my life. 

[注] : 红字代表时制使用错误.

  

改写如下:

     My nearest approach to death came last summer.  I was walking slowly down a little-traveled country road when a car came suddenly over the rise in the road.  It dashed wildly down the road, careening and twisting as if its driver were crazy.  I thought he was going to strike me, and I jumped across the ditch and over the fence.  Thus, I saved my life.

134英语语法应用(二十一)

134英语语法应用(二十一)  篇章写作练习(二)                7/14/2015

我们在天上的父,  感谢祢的大爱, 赐孩子一位永远难忘的恩师邓岳宗先生. 他在该休息的时间教我英语会话.  使孩子享用一生.  现在求祢开恩赐我属天的智慧, 能把学习英语篇章写作介绍给我骨肉之亲的青年朋友.  使他们也可以享受主耶稣祢的大爱.  奉主基督的圣名祈求.  阿门.

其实英语会话学习的机会是随时随地都有, 不必一定要远渡重洋来到異鄉受苦受難.  尤其现在旅游发达, 到处都有机会遇上说英语的外国人.  所以编辑者没有把英语会话放在本博客中.  至于前讲及本课提到有关利用回答问题来练习会话, 是因为在学习英语篇章写作练习时, 语汇, 语法及英美人士的思想路径是三个重要的因素.

to irrigate 灌溉                     salt water 盐水     inlet 取水          ship 海船          conservation 保守

to flow 流                             sea 海                   lake 湖                  boat 船                      deep 深

to control 控制                     ocean 洋            stream, brook 溪流   sailboat 帆船           shallow 浅

to row 划桨                           tide 海潮             waterfall 瀑布          barge 平底船        narrow 狭窄

to steer 驾驶                        seasickness 晕船     canal 渠道                (row) boat划船     wide 宽

to drink 喝                           condition 情况     irrigation ditch灌溉沟 oar 桨                  rough 粗糙

to swim 游泳                         high tide 高潮       spring 泉水             rudder 舵               calm 平静

to find 寻找                           low tide 低潮        swamp 沼泽地       land 土地               salty 咸水

to cause 行成                       current, flow 潮汐 well 井                    mountain 山          clean 淸洁

wave波浪                   dam 水埧                  desert 沙漠           dirty 骯脏

(body of) water 水體    shore, coast 岸            rain 雨水           oasis 沙漠的绿州 only 仅仅, 只有

type 型式                      river 河流                   person 人         origin 原始            each (one) 每一个

fresh water 淡水           bay 海湾                     fisherman 渔民   world 世界            visible 可见的

看图回答下列各问题(不可用 Yes 或 No)

1.        Describe the water in each of the six drawings. 

试描述在上六图中所绘的水的情况.

2.        What are some differences between the water in the sea and the water in the waterfall?

(在海水与瀑布流下的水有那些不同点 ?)

Why sea water is salty?

Where you can see waterfall?

What famous waterfall in the world have you seen? 

3. Where do you see a sailboat? Why would there not be a sailboat in the other drawings?

    (在那里你看到帆船? 为什么在其它的图中你看不到帆船?)

       Can you steer the sailboat in the sea?

Why sailboat must have sail?   

4.        Describe the river scene.

试描写河流的风景.

5.        How is the barge steered?

(平底船是如何行驶的?) 

6. What do you think is the origin of the water in the lake?

                你能说出湖水的成因吗?

7. A person is visible in some of the drawings. Explain what each person is doing.

                试描绘在有些图中可见到的人, 他们在做什么?

8. In which of the drawings is the water probably deep and in which do you think it is shallow?

                试说明在那些图中水是深的, 及在何处水是浅的?

建议撰写的篇章题目 :  Famous river

  

在130帖子 "篇章寫作簡介" 第六項--语法要正確.  現復習动词的时制及其与主语的一致性, 因为它们是外国同一語系的人学习篇章写作感到艰难之处, 我国語言與其不同语系, 學習起來更是艱苦.   寫作篇章在語法上常犯的错误:

1. Not using the proper tense forms.  时制用得不对

2. Not making the verb agree with the subject in number and person.

    名词和动词在数和人称上不一致.

3. Not using the correct verb form.  动词形式用得不对

4. Unnecessary shifting of tenses.  不必要的变遷动词时制.

今举例说明动词时制不必要的变遷.   例如: 下面的段落篇章內的错误是我国中学生常容易犯的.

I went out shopping yesterday (主题句). All I want to buy is a pair of blue shoes to match my blue suit. Finally, going from one store to the other, I spent almost six hours, but cannot find the kind I was looking for. I come home with a pair of blue jeans, and to add to my disappointment, I find the zipper broken!

在此段落篇章内有两种动词时制的变遷不当.

1. Shifting tenses in the same sentence. (在同一句中动词时制的变遷)

    [註] :  一句内必须动词时制要一致.

2. Shifting tenses in the paragraph unnecessarily.  (在一段落中不需要作动词时制的变遷)

    [註] :  一段落中的每句的动词时制也必须要一致. 因为要围绕着主题句的意念加以支撑.

这段落篇章舉例说明写英語文章的难处.  主题句是以过去时制作开始. 接着的第二句就改变成现在时制(用底線显示). 第三句可猜想出作者遇到助动词的问题. 所以前后不一致. 最后一句又回复到现在时制.

重写如下: 

I went out shopping yesterday. All I wanted to buy was a pair of blue shoes to match my blue suit. Going from one store to the other I spent almost six hours, but could not find the kind I was looking for. Finally I came home with a pair of blue jeans, and to add to my disappointment, I found the zipper broken!