60 中翻英 第十二章 Be wise about the Resurrection 17/05/2025
CHAPTER 12 BE WISE ABOUT THE RESURRECTION 1 Corinthians 15 第十二章 認識復活 哥 林多前書 15
Corinth
was a Greek city, and the Greeks did not believe in the resurrection of the
dead. When Paul had preached at
This skeptical attitude had somehow invaded the church, and Paul had to face it head-on. The truth of the resurrection had doctrinal and practical implications for life that were too important to ignore. Paul dealt with the subject by answering four basic questions. Are the 這種懷疑態度不知何故侵入了教會，保羅必須正面面對它。復活的真理對於生命有著不容忽視的教義和實踐意義。保羅透過回答四個基本問題來處理這個問題。是
1. Dead Raised? (15:1–19) 1. 死而復活？ （15:1-19）
It is
important to note that the believers at
Proof #1—their salvation (vv. 1–2). Paul had come to Corinth and preached the message of the gospel, and their faith had transformed their lives. But an integral part of the gospel message was the fact of Christ’s resurrection. After all, a dead Savior cannot save anybody. Paul’s readers had received the Word, trusted Christ, been saved, and were now standing on that Word as the assurance of their salvation. The fact that they were standing firm was proof that their faith was genuine and not empty. 證據 1－他們的救贖（第 1-2 節）。 保羅來到哥林多並傳福音，他們的信仰改變了他們的生活。但福音信息的一個重要部分是基督復活的事實。畢竟，死去的救世主無法拯救任何人。保羅的讀者已經接受了聖言，信靠了基督，得到了拯救，並且現在以聖言作為他們得救的保證。他們堅定不移的立場證明他們的信仰是真實的，而不是空洞的。
Proof
#2—the Old Testament Scriptures (vv. 3–4). First of all means “of first
importance.” The gospel is the most important message that the church ever
proclaims. While it is good to be involved in social action and the betterment
of mankind, there is no reason why these ministries should preempt the gospel.
“Christ died … He was buried … He rose again … He was seen” are the basic
historical facts on which the gospel stands (1 Cor. 15:3–5). “Christ died for
our sins” (author’s italics) is the theological explanation of the historical
facts. Many people were crucified by the Romans, but only one “victim” ever
died for the sins of the world. 證據#2－舊約聖經（第3-4節）。首先的意思是「最重要的」。福音是教會所宣揚的最重要的信息。雖然參與社會活動和改善人類生活是件好事，但沒有理由讓這些事工取代福音。 「基督死了…被埋葬了…復活了…被顯現」是福音所依據的基本歷史事實（哥林多前書 15:3-5）。 「基督為我們的罪而死」（作者斜體）是對歷史事實的神學解釋。許多人被羅馬人釘死在十字架上，但只有一個「受害者」為世人的罪而死。
When Paul wrote “according to the Scriptures” (1 Cor. 15:3) he was referring to the Old Testament Scriptures. Much of the sacrificial system in the Old Testament pointed to the sacrifice of Christ as our sub[1]stitute and Savior. The annual day of Atonement (Lev. 16) and prophecies like Isaiah 53 would also come to mind. 當保羅寫「照著聖經」 (哥林多前書 15:3) 時，他指的是舊約聖經。舊約中許多獻祭制度都指向基督為我們的[1]替代者和救世主的犧牲。我們也會想到每年的贖罪日（利未記第 16 章）和以賽亞書第 53 章等預言。
But
where does the Old Testament declare His res[1]urrection on the
third day? Jesus pointed to the experience of Jonah (Matt.
Proof
#3—Christ was seen by witnesses (vv. 5–11). On the cross, Jesus was exposed to
the eyes of unbelievers; but after the resurrection, He was seen by believers
who could be witnesses of His resurrection (Acts
But one
of the greatest witnesses of the resurrection was Paul himself, for as an
unbeliever he was soundly convinced that Jesus was dead. The radical change in
his life—a change that brought him perse[1]cution and
suffering—is certainly evidence that the Lord had indeed been raised from the
dead. Paul made it clear that his salvation was purely an act of God’s grace;
but that grace worked in and through him as he served the Lord. “Born out of
due time” probably refers to the future salvation of
At this point, Paul’s readers would say, “Yes, we agree that Jesus was raised from the dead.” Then Paul would reply, “If you believe that, then you must believe in the resurrection of all the dead!” Christ came as a man, truly human, and experienced all that we experi[1]ence, except that He never sinned. If there is no resurrection, then Christ was not raised. If He was not raised, there is no gospel to preach. If there is no gospel, then you have believed in vain and you are still in your sins! If there is no resurrection, then believers who have died have no hope. We shall never see them again! 此時，保羅的讀者會說：「是的，我們同意耶穌從死裡復活了。」然後保羅會回答說：「如果你相信這一點，那麼你就必須相信所有死人都會復活！」基督以人的形象降臨，是真正的人，經歷了我們所經歷的一切[1]，只是他從未犯罪。如果沒有復活，那麼基督就沒有復活。如果他沒有復活，就沒有福音可傳。如果沒有福音，那你就白信了，你還在罪中！如果沒有復活，那麼死去的信徒就沒有希望。我們再也見不到他們了！
The conclusion is obvious: Why be a Christian if we have only suffering in this life and no future glory to anticipate? (In 1 Cor. 15:29–34, Paul expanded this idea.) The resurrection is not just important; it is “of first importance,” because all that we believe hinges on it. 結論是顯而易見的：如果我們今生只有苦難，而沒有未來的榮耀可期待，那我們為什麼要成為基督徒呢？ （在哥林多前書 15:29-34 中，保羅擴展了這個想法。）復活不僅重要；它是“最重要的”，因為我們所相信的一切都取決於它。
2. When Are the Dead Raised? (15:20–28) 2. 死人何時復活？ （15:20-28）
Paul
used three images to answer this question. Firstfruits (vv. 20, 23). We have
already noted this reference to the Old Testament feast (Lev. 23:9–14). As the
Lamb of God, Jesus died on Passover. As the sheaf of firstfruits, He arose from
the dead three days later on the first day of the week. When the priest waved
the sheaf of the firstfruits before the Lord, it was a sign that the entire
harvest belonged to Him. When Jesus was raised from the dead, it was God’s
assurance to us that we shall also be raised one day as part of that future
harvest. To believers, death is only “sleep.” The body sleeps, but the soul is
at home with the Lord (2 Cor. 5:1–8; Phil.
Adam
(vv. 21–22). Paul saw in Adam a type of Jesus Christ by the way of contrast
(see also Rom.
The
word order in originally referred to military rank. God has an order,
a sequence, in the resurrection. Passages like John 5:25–29 and Revelation 20
indicate that there is no such thing taught in Scripture as a “general
resurrection.” When Jesus Christ returns in the air, He will take His church to
heaven and at that time raise from the dead all who have trusted Him and have
died in the faith (1 Thess. 4:13–18). Jesus called this “the resurrection of
life” (John
The kingdom (vv. 24–28). When Jesus Christ comes to the earth to judge, He will banish sin for a thousand years and establish His kingdom (Rev. 20:1–6). Believers will reign with Him and share His glory and authority. This kingdom, prophesied in the Old Testament, is called “the millennium” by prophetic teachers. The word comes from the Latin: mille—thousand, annum—year. 王國（24-28節）。當耶穌基督來到人間進行審判時，祂將消除罪惡一千年並建立祂的國度（啟示錄 20：1-6）。信徒將與他一起統治並分享他的榮耀和權威。舊約中預言的這個王國被預言家們稱為「千禧年」。此字源自拉丁文：mille —（千），annum —（年）。
But
even after the millennium, there will be one final rebellion against God (Rev.
20:7–10), which Jesus Christ will put down by His power. The lost will then be
raised, judged, and cast into the lake of fire. Then death itself shall be cast
into hell, and the last enemy shall be destroyed. Jesus Christ will have put
all things under His feet! He will then turn the kingdom over to the Father and
then the eternal state—the new heavens and new earth—shall be ushered in (Rev.
21—22).
Good
and godly students of the Word have not always agreed on the details of God’s
prophetic pro[1]gram,
but the major truths seem to be clear. Jesus Christ reigns in heaven today, and
all authority is “under his feet” (Ps. 110; Eph.
When
will Jesus Christ return for His church? Nobody knows; but when it occurs, it
will be “in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye” (1 Cor.
3. Why Are the Dead
Raised? (15:29–34, 49–58) 3. 死人為何復活？ （15:29–34,49–58
The resurrection of the human body is a future event that has compelling implications for our personal lives. If the resurrection is not true, then we can forget about the future and live as we please! But the resurrection is true! Jesus is coming again! Even if we die before He comes, we shall be raised at His coming and stand before Him in a glorified body. 人體復活是未來事件，對我們的個人生活有重大影響。如果復活不是真的，那麼我們就可以忘記未來，隨心所欲地生活！但復活是真的！耶穌再來！即使我們在祂來之前死去，我們也將在祂來臨時復活，並以榮耀的身體站在祂面前。
Paul cited four areas of Christian experience that are touched by the fact of the resurrection. 保羅列舉了四個與復活事實有關的基督徒經驗領域。
Evangelism (v. 29). What does it mean to be “baptized for the dead”? Some take this to mean “proxy baptism,” where a believer is baptized on behalf of a dead relative; but we find no such teaching in the New Testament. In the second century, there were some heretical groups that practiced “vicarious baptism,” but the church at large has never accepted the practice. To begin with, salvation is a personal matter that each must decide for himself; and, second, nobody needs to be baptized to be saved. 傳福音（第 29 節）。 「為死人受洗」是什麼意思？有些人認為這意味著“代理洗禮”，即信徒代表死去的親人接受洗禮；但我們在新約中找不到這樣的教導。在公元二世紀，有一些異端團體實行“替代洗禮”，但整個教會從未接受過這種做法。首先，救贖是每個人必須自己決定的個人事務；其次，沒有人需要受洗才能得救。
The phrase probably means “baptized to take the place of those who have died.” In other words, if there is no resurrection, why bother to witness and win others to Christ? Why reach sinners who are then baptized and take the place of those who have died? If the Christian life is only a “dead-end street,” get off of it! 這句話的意思可能是「接受洗禮來代替那些已經死去的人」。換句話說，如果沒有復活，為什麼還要去見證基督並贏得他人信仰呢？為什麼要接觸罪人，然後讓他們接受洗禮並代替那些已經死去的人呢？如果基督徒的生活只是一條“死胡同”，那就離開它吧！
Each responsible person on earth will share in either the resurrection of life and go to heaven, or the resurrection of judgment and go to hell (John 5:28–29). We weep for believers who have died, but we ought also to weep for unbelievers who still have opportunity to be saved! The reality of the resurrection is a motivation for evangelism. 地球上每個有責任感的人要麼會復活得生命併升入天堂，要麼會復活受審判並下地獄（約翰福音5：28-29）。我們為死去的信徒哭泣，但我們也應該為仍有機會得救的非信徒哭泣！復活的現實是傳福音的動機。
Suffering
(vv. 30–32). I die daily does not refer to “dying to self,” as in Romans 6, but
to the physical dangers Paul faced as a servant of Christ (2 Cor. 4:8—
What we
do in the body in this life comes up for review at the judgment seat of Christ
(2 Cor.
Separation
from sin (vv. 33–34). If there is no resurrection, then what we do with our bodies
will have no bearing on our future. Immorality was a way of life in
It was time for the Corinthians to wake up and clean up (see 1 Thess. 5:4–11). The believer who is compromising with sin has no witness to the lost around him, those who “have not the knowledge of God.” What a shameful thing to be selfishly living in sin while multitudes die without Christ! 現在是哥林多人醒來並清理的時候了（參考帖撒羅尼迦前書 5：4-11）。與罪妥協的信徒無法為周遭迷失的人，那些「不認識上帝」的人，做出見證。當許多人沒有基督而死去時，我們卻自私地活在罪中，這是多麼可恥的事啊！
Death (vv. 49–57). The heavenly kingdom is not made for the kind of bodies we now have, bodies of flesh and blood. So when Jesus returns, the bodies of living believers will instantly be transformed to be like His body (1 John 3:1–3), and the dead believers shall be raised with new glorified bodies. Our new bodies will not be subject to decay or death. 死亡（49-57節）。天國不是為我們現在的血肉之軀而設立的。所以當耶穌再來時，活著的信徒的身體將立即轉變為像祂的身體一樣（約翰一書 3：1-3），而死去的信徒將復活，擁有新的榮耀身體。我們的新身體不會腐爛或死亡。
Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychiatry, wrote,
“And finally there is the painful riddle of death, for which no remedy at all
has yet been found, nor probably ever will be.” Christians have victory in
death and over death! Why? Because of the victory of Jesus Christ in His own
resurrection. Jesus said, “Because I live, ye shall also” (John
Sin, death, and the law go together.
The law reveals sin, and the “wages of sin is death” (Rom.
First Corinthians
How Are the Dead Raised? (15:35–48) 死人怎樣復活？ (15:35-48)
Being philosophers, the
Greeks reasoned that the resurrection of the human body was an impossibility.
After all, when the body turned to dust, it became soil from which other bodies
derived nourishment. In short, the food that we eat is a part of the elements
of the bodies of generations long gone. When the body of the founder of
Paul’s reply to this kind of reasoning was very blunt: “You fool!” Then he made the important point that resurrection is not reconstruction. Nowhere does the Bible teach that, at the resurrection, God will “put together the pieces” and return to us our former bodies. There is continuity (it is our body), but there is not identity (it is not the same body). 保羅對這種推理的回答非常直率：「你這個傻瓜！」然後他提出了一個重要的觀點：復活不是重建。聖經中沒有任何地方教導說，在復活時，上帝會「將碎片拼湊起來」並將我們原來的身體歸還給我們。有連續性（它是我們的身體），但沒有同一性（它不是同一個身體）。
Paul knew that such miracles cannot be explained, so he used three analogies to make the doctrine clear. 保羅知道這樣的奇蹟是無法解釋的，所以他用了三個類比來闡明教義。
Seeds (vv. 35–38, 42–48). When you sow seed, you do not expect that same seed to come up at the harvest. The seed dies, but from that death there comes life. (See John 12:23–28 for our Lord’s use of this same analogy.) You may sow a few grains of wheat, but you will have many grains when the plant matures. Are they the same grains that were planted? No, but there is still continuity. You do not sow wheat and harvest barley. 種子（第35-38、42-48節）。當你播下種子時，你並不指望收穫時會長出同樣的種子。種子死了，但從死亡中卻產生了生命。 （參考約翰福音 12:23-28，我們的主使用了同樣的比喻。）你可能種下幾粒麥子，但當植物成熟時，你會得到許多粒麥子。它們和種植的穀物一樣嗎？不，但仍有連續性。種小麥不收大麥。
Furthermore, what comes up at the harvest is usually more beautiful than what was planted. This is especially true of tulips. Few things are as ugly as a tulip bulb, yet it produces a beautiful flower. If at the resurrection, all God did was to put us back together again, there would be no improvement. Furthermore, flesh and blood cannot inherit God’s kingdom. The only way we can enjoy the glory of heaven is to have a body suited to that environment. 此外，收穫的果實通常比種植的更美麗。鬱金香尤其如此。很少有東西像鬱金香球莖那樣醜陋，但它卻能開出美麗的花朵。如果在復活時，上帝所做的只是將我們重新組合在一起，那就沒有任何改善。此外，血肉之軀不能承受上帝的國。我們能夠享受天堂榮耀的唯一方法就是擁有一個適合那個環境的身體。
Paul discussed the details of this marvelous change in 1 Corinthians 15:42–48. The body is sown (in burial) in corruption, because it is going to decay; but it is raised with such a nature that it cannot decay. There is no decay or death in heaven. It is buried in humility (in spite of the cosmetic skill of the mortician); but it is raised in glory. In burial, the body is weak; but in resurrection, the body has power. We shall be like Jesus Christ! 保羅在《哥林多前書》15:42-48 中討論了這一奇妙變化的細節。屍體被埋葬後會腐爛，因為它會腐爛；但它具有這樣的性質，因此不會腐爛。天堂裡沒有腐朽或死亡。它被卑微地埋葬了（儘管殯葬師擁有高超的美容技巧）；但它卻在榮耀中復活。埋葬時，身體虛弱；但在復活裡，身體就有了能力。我們要像耶穌基督！
Today, we have a “natural body,” that is, a body suited to an earthly environment. We received this body from our first parent, Adam: he was made of dust, and so are we (Gen. 2:7). But the resurrection body is suited to a spiritual environment. In His resurrection body, Jesus was able to move quickly from place to place, and even walk through locked doors; yet He was also able to eat food, and His disciples were able to touch Him and feel Him (Luke 24:33–43; John 20:19–29). 今天，我們擁有的是“自然的身體”，也就是適合塵世環境的身體。我們從我們的祖先亞當那裡獲得了這個身體：祂是由塵土造的，我們也是（創世記 2:7）。但復活的身體適合精神環境。耶穌復活後，能夠快速地從一個地方移動到另一個地方，甚至能穿過鎖著的門；然而他也能吃食物，他的門徒也能觸摸他、感受他（路加福音 24:33-43；約翰福音 20:19-29）。
The point
Paul was making was simply this: The resurrection body completes the work of
redemption and gives to us the image of the Savior. We are made in the image of
God as far as personality is concerned, but in the image of Adam as far as the
body is concerned. One day we shall bear the image of the Savior when we share
in His glory. 保羅的觀點很簡單：復活的身體完成了救贖的工作，並賦予了我們救主的形象。就人格而言，我們是按照上帝的形象造的，但就身體而言，我們是按照亞當的形象造的。有一天，當我們分享祂的榮耀時，我們將擁有救世主的形象。 First Corinthians
Flesh (v. 39). Paul anticipated here the discovery of science that the cell structure of different kinds of animals is different; and therefore, you cannot breed various species indiscriminately. The human body has a nature of one kind, while animals, birds, and fish have their own particular kind of flesh. The conclusion is this: If God is able to make different kinds of bodies for men, animals, birds, and fish, why can He not make a different kind of body for us at the resurrection? (Pet lovers take note: Paul did not teach here that animals will be resurrected. He only used them as an example.) 肉體（第 39 節）。保羅在這裡預見了科學的發現，即不同種類動物的細胞結構是不同的；因此，你不能不加區別地培育各種物種。人體有一種性情，禽獸魚獸也有一種肉體。結論是：如果上帝能夠為人類、動物、鳥類和魚類創造不同類型的身體，為什麼祂不能在復活時為我們創造不同類型的身體？ （寵物愛好者請注意：保羅在這裡並沒有教導動物會復活。他只是用它們作為例子。）
Heavenly bodies (vv. 40–41). Not only are there earthly bodies, but there are also heavenly bodies; and they differ from one another. In fact, the heavenly bodies differ from each other in glory as far as the human eye is concerned. Paul is suggesting here that believer may differ from believer in glory, even though all Christians will have glorified bodies. Every cup in heaven will be filled, but some cups will be bigger than others, because of the faithfulness and sacrifice of those saints when they were on earth. 天體（40-41節）。不但有地上的物體，也有天上的物體；而且它們彼此不同。事實上，就人類的肉眼而言，天體的榮耀各不相同。保羅在這裡暗示，儘管所有基督徒都會擁有榮耀的身體，但信徒之間的榮耀可能有所不同。天堂裡的每個杯子都會被裝滿，但有些杯子會比其他杯子更大，這是因為那些聖徒在世時的忠誠和犧牲。
These illustrations may not answer every question that we have about the resurrection body, but they do give us the assurances that we need. God will give to us a glorified body suited to the new life in heaven. It will be as unlike our present body in quality as the glory of the sun is unlike a mushroom in the cellar. We will use this new body to serve and glorify God for all eternity. 這些例子也許不能解答我們關於復活身體的所有疑問，但它們確實給了我們所需要的保證。上帝將賜給我們一個適合天堂新生活的榮耀身體。它在質量上與我們現在的身體不同，就像太陽的光輝與地窖裡的蘑菇不同。我們要用這個新身體永遠服事和榮耀上帝。
We must remember that this discussion was not written by Paul merely to satisfy the curiosity of believers. He had some practical points to get across, and he made them very clear in 1 Corinthians 15:29–34. If we really believe in the resurrection of the body, then we will use our bodies today to the glory of God (1 Cor. 6:9–14). 我們必須記住，保羅寫這篇討論並非僅僅為了滿足信徒的好奇心。他有一些實際的觀點需要傳達，並且在《哥林多前書》15:29-34 中將這些觀點表達得非常清楚。如果我們真的相信肉體復活，那麼我們今天就會用我們的身體來榮耀上帝（哥林多前書 6：9-14）。
Finally,
the lost will be given bodies suited to their environment in hell. They will
suffer forever in dark[1]ness
and pain (Matt. 25:41; 2 Thess. 1:7–10; Rev. 20:11–15). It behooves us who are
saved to seek to res[1]cue
them from judgment! “Knowing therefore the terror of the Lord, we persuade men”
(2 Cor.
If you have never trusted the Savior, do so now— before it is too late! 如果您從未信任過救世主，請現在就信任它—以免為時已晚！
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